Diversity of Enterococcus faecalis Genotypes from Multiple Oral Sites Associated with Endodontic Failure Using Repetitive Sequence-based Polymerase Chain Reaction and Arbitrarily Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction

Effect of the combination of several irrigants on dentine surface properties, adsorption of chlorhexidine and adhesion of microorganisms to dentine

“…Although these microorganisms are not always amongst the colonisers of the root canal system with necrotic tissue, they may invade the root canal at any time during or after treatment via a communication with the oral cavity, such as through a defective coronal restoration, and form biofilms that cause secondary infections (Zehnder & Guggenheim , Delboni et al . , Persoon et al . ).…”

“…Enterococcus faecalis has frequently been detected in teeth with apical periodontitis (Molander et al 1998, Penas et al 2013, and Candida albicans is the most prevalent species of fungi associated with persistent endodontic infections (Waltimo et al 1997, Persoon et al 2017. Although these microorganisms are not always amongst the colonisers of the root canal system with necrotic tissue, they may invade the root canal at any time during or after treatment via a communication with the oral cavity, such as through a defective coronal restoration, and form biofilms that cause secondary infections (Zehnder & Guggenheim 2009, Delboni et al 2017, Persoon et al 2017.…”

Methacrylate‐based root canal sealer containing chlorexidine and α‐tricalcium phosphate

“…Effectiveness of endodontic therapy relies on mechanical and chemical removal of infection and complete sealing of root canal system . The ability of some microorganisms to survive after treatment may lead to failure in therapy and demand secondary intervention . To avoid this issues, recent endodontic filling materials have been developed with bioactive properties such as remineralizing and antibacterial effects to improve materials properties for a better root canal sealing and enhanced apical tissues repair.…”

Streptococcal peptides that signal Enterococcus faecalis cells carrying the pheromone‐responsive conjugative plasmid pAM373

“…These plasmids have been shown to play a pivotal role in genetic exchange among the gut microbiota (Palmer et al, ). However, the role of pheromone‐responsive conjugative plasmids in the oral cavity is not well‐studied, despite numerous reports of the isolation of enterococci from oral sites (Delboni, Gomes, Francisco, Teixeira, & Drake, ; Sedgley, Lennan, & Clewell, ) and the recovery of enterococcal cells carrying determinants from the pheromone‐responsive plasmid pAM373 associated with periodontal (Song et al, ) and unsuccessfully treated endodontic (Barbosa‐Ribeiro et al, ) lesions. Oral metagenomic sequencing studies show a broad distribution of antibiotic resistance genes even without antibiotic selective pressure (Sukumar, Roberts, Martin, & Adler, ).…”

“…These plasmids have been shown to play a pivotal role in genetic exchange among the gut microbiota (Palmer et al, 2010). However, the role of pheromone-responsive conjugative plasmids in the oral cavity is not well-studied, despite numerous reports of the isolation of enterococci from oral sites (Delboni, Gomes, Francisco, Teixeira, & Drake, 2017;Sedgley, Lennan, & Clewell, 2004) Oral metagenomic sequencing studies show a broad distribution of antibiotic resistance genes even without antibiotic selective pressure (Sukumar, Roberts, Martin, & Adler, 2016 These transferred fragments can then be stably maintained as plasmids, or alternatively incorporated into the recipient chromosomes.…”