Identification of Bioactivity, Volatile and Fatty Acid Profile in Supercritical Fluid Extracts of Mexican arnica

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a sustainable technique used for the extraction of lipophilic metabolites such as pigments and fatty acids. Arnica plant is considered a potential candidate material with high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Therefore, in this study, a locally available Heterotheca inuloides, also known as Mexican arnica, was analyzed for the extraction of high-value compounds. Based on different pressure (P), temperature (T), and co-solvent (CoS), four treatments (T) were prepared. A maximum 7.13% yield was recovered from T2 (T = 60 • C, P = 10 MPa, CoS = 8 g/min), followed by 6.69% from T4 (T = 60 • C, P = 30 MPa, CoS = 4 g/min). Some bioactive sesquiterpenoids such as 7-hydroxycadalene, caryophyllene and δ-cadinene were identified in the extracts by GC/MS. The fatty acid profile revealed that the main components were palmitic acid (C16:0), followed by linoleic acid (C18:2ω6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3ω3) and stearic acid (C18:0) differing in percent yield per treatment. Antibacterial activities were determined by the agar diffusion method, indicating that all the treatments exerted strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus, C. albicans, and E. coli strains. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was also measured by three in vitro assays, DPPH, TEAC and FRAP, using Trolox as a standard. Results showed high antioxidant capacity enabling pharmaceutical applications of Mexican arnica.

State-of-the-Art Extraction Methodologies for Bioactive Compounds from Algal Biome to Meet Bio-Economy Challenges and Opportunities

“…For instance, some of the drawbacks associated with these techniques include their long extraction time, high energy consumption, and waste generation. Besides, conventional techniques are limited in extraction specificity, then purification steps are required in order to isolate the bioactive metabolites of interest [ 49 , 50 ], whereas, SFE shows great extraction selectivity, short processing times, and a low degradability of the extracted product [ 51 , 52 , 53 ], without the use of non-food grade solvents [ 54 ]. SFE uses supercritical fluids, which above their critical point exhibit liquid-like characteristics such as solvent power, and negligible surface tension, etc.…”

Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction Parameters on the Biological Activities and Metabolites Present in Extracts from Arthrospira platensis

“…Fatty acids were determined through derivatization to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) as previously described [ 24 , 60 , 62 ]. Briefly, samples were mixed with 400 μL of the internal standard (undecanoic acid 1000 mg/L in hexane/acetone 80:20 v/v) and 2 mL of methanol/sulfuric acid (93:7 v/v).…”

Identification of active compounds in ethyl acetate, chloroform, and N-hexane extracts from peels of Citrus aurantifolia from Maribaya, West Java, Indonesia

“…[ 10 ] Furthermore, a study showed that caryophyllene compounds not only have anti-cancer properties, but also act as antibiotics. [ 5 ]…”

“…Each final fraction obtained was evaporated in a rotary evaporator and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Shimadzum, bnv, Japan). [ 5 6 ]…”