First Human Cases of Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni Infection and a Search for the Vector Sand Flies in Ecuador

Abstract

An epidemiological study of leishmaniasis was performed in Amazonian areas of Ecuador since little information on the prevalent Leishmania and sand fly species responsible for the transmission is available. Of 33 clinical specimens from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), causative parasites were identified in 25 samples based on cytochrome b gene analysis. As reported previously, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis and L. (V.) braziliensis were among the causative agents identified. In addition, L. (V.) lainsoni, for which infection is reported in Brazil, Bolivia, Peru, Suriname, and French Guiana, was identified in patients with CL from geographically separate areas in the Ecuadorian Amazon, corroborating the notion that L. (V.) lainsoni is widely distributed in South America. Sand flies were surveyed around the area where a patient with L. (V.) lainsoni was suspected to have been infected. However, natural infection of sand flies by L. (V.) lainsoni was not detected. Further extensive vector searches are necessary to define the transmission cycle of L. (V.) lainsoni in Ecuador.

Geographic Distribution of Leishmania Species in Ecuador Based on the Cytochrome B Gene Sequence Analysis

“…(V . ) lainsoni were identified in this study; all were reported previously in Ecuador, the latter two rather recently [ 7 , 8 ] ( Table 1 , Fig 1 ). Cases of L .…”

“…(V . ) braziliensis was identified as the dominant species as reported previously [ 5 , 8 , 9 ]. In addition, other species, L .…”

“…(V . ) lainsoni , were identified, of which distributions of the latter two species have been reported recently [ 7 , 8 ]. Distribution of L .…”

Comparison of pro‐inflammatory cytokines of non‐healing and healing cutaneous leishmaniasis

“…Leishmania major ( L. major ), Leishmania tropica ( L. tropica ) in the old world as well as species belonging to Leishmania mexicana ( L. mexicana ) complex and subgenus of Leishmania Viannia, in the new world, are assumed to be the most aetiological factors of the CL . This disease is transmittable through female sand flies and commonly results in localized lesions.…”

Epidemiologia da leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) no município de Xapuri, Estado do Acre, Brasil: estudo em população humana, cães domésticos e vetores

“…(V.) braziliensis não são bons reservatórios deste parasito (MADEIRA et al, 2005(MADEIRA et al, , 2006CASTRO et al, 2007) LAINSON et al 1994;AZEVEDO et al, 2002, TOJAL et al, 2003, CÓRDOVA et al, 2011BRASIL, 2013;PIRES et al, 2015;TELES et al, 2016;KOARASHI et al, 2016 A espécie Ny. umbratilis (Ward & Fraiha, 1977), principal vetor suspeito, espécie com ampla distribuição na Amazônia, podendo ser encontrada em florestas primárias, principalmente em troncos de árvores, e que são altamente antropofílicas (LAINSON et al, 1994 Peru (LUCAS et al, 1994;MARTINEZ et al, 2001;TOJAL et al, 2006;TELES et al, 2015) e recentemente no Equador (KATO et al, 2016). Possui como reservatório a paca (Agouti paca) e como principal vetor, Th.…”