The Tibetan medicine Zuotai differs from HgCl2 and MeHg in producing liver injury in mice

Wu, Qin; Li, Wenkai; Zhou, Zheng-Ping; Li, Yingying; Xiong, Ting-Wan; Du, Yi-Zhi; Wei, Lixin; Liu, Jie

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.03.017

Cited by 41 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Their expression has been shown to increase in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of heavy metal contaminants; as such, they are considered to be a good biomarker for metal exposure in aquatic invertebrates (Amiard et al, 2006), laboratory model fish (Woo et al, 2006), and free-ranging populations of fish (Chan, 1995). These results follow closely with findings by Wu et al (2016) in male Kunming mice exposed to organic-, inorganic mercury, and traditional medicines. The expression of these genes provides a way for us to evaluate mercury toxicity in medaka with the possibility of identifying mechanisms and commonalities with higher animal models.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Compared to MeHg, HgCl 2 primarily induces kidney and liver injury in rodents and fish (Klaassen, 2001; Lu et al, 2011a; Wu et al, 2016). However, exposure of mouse- (Van Maele-Fabry, Gofflot & Picard, 1996), sea urchin- (Marc et al, 2002), and medaka embryos (Ismail & Yusof, 2011) to HgCl 2 produced developmental toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For centuries, mercury has been used as an ingredient in diuretics, antiseptics, skin ointments and laxatives, and more recently, as a dental amalgam and as a preservative in some vaccines (Clarkson, Magos & Myers, 2003; Liu et al, 2008). In traditional Indian Ayurvedic (Kamath et al, 2012), Chinese (Pharmacopeia of China, 2015) and Tibetan medicines (Chen et al, 2012; Kan, 2013; Li et al, 2014; Wu et al, 2016), mercuric sulfides are frequently included in the treatment of various disorders, with the result that health concerns for public safety are increasing (Liu et al, 2008; Kamath et al, 2012). This form of mercury, from the naturally occurring minerals, cinnabar and metacinnabar, typically undergoes purification and preparation prior to use (Kamath et al, 2012; Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This form of mercury, from the naturally occurring minerals, cinnabar and metacinnabar, typically undergoes purification and preparation prior to use (Kamath et al, 2012; Li et al, 2016). Zuotai is primarily composed of β -HgS (metacinnabar) while cinnabar ( Zhu Sha ) is α -HgS (Li et al, 2016; Wu et al, 2016). Only mercury sulfides are used in traditional remedies because they are considered to be safe at clinical dose levels (Liu et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Wang

Liu

Wei

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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This study examined developmental toxicity of different mercury compounds, including some used in traditional medicines. Medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos were exposed to 0.001–10 µM concentrations of MeHg, HgCl2, α-HgS (Zhu Sha), and β-HgS (Zuotai) from stage 10 (6–7 hpf) to 10 days post fertilization (dpf). Of the forms of mercury in this study, the organic form (MeHg) proved the most toxic followed by inorganic mercury (HgCl2), both producing embryo developmental toxicity. Altered phenotypes included pericardial edema with elongated or tube heart, reduction of eye pigmentation, and failure of swim bladder inflation. Both α-HgS and β-HgS were less toxic than MeHg and HgCl2. Total RNA was extracted from survivors three days after exposure to MeHg (0.1 µM), HgCl2 (1 µM), α-HgS (10 µM), or β-HgS (10 µM) to examine toxicity-related gene expression. MeHg and HgCl2 markedly induced metallothionein (MT) and heme oxygenase-1 (Ho-1), while α-HgS and β-HgS failed to induce either gene. Chemical forms of mercury compounds proved to be a major determinant in their developmental toxicity.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Wang

Liu

Wei

et al. 2016

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Previous studies indicated that about 96% of IHg are in the form of cinnabar (α–HgS), and the assimilation efficiency of Hg from cinnabar was lower than 0.2%. 18, 20, 48 The bioavailability of Hg 2+ to human body from different species (excluding HgS) that are present in TTM is still under question, while the bioavailability of Hg 2+ from various food sources to human body is known to range from 0.2% to 94%. 49 Based on these values, we set the fraction of IHg assumed to be absorbed by human body in a range of 0 - 4%, and generated by the Monte Carlo simulation in the PBPK model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Tibetan Medicine Induced High Methylmercury Exposure Level and Environmental Mercury Burden in Tibet, China

Liu

Baumann

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Highly elevated concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) were found in the municipal sewage in Tibet. Material flow analysis supports the hypothesis that these elevated concentrations are related to regular ingestion of Hg-containing Traditional Tibetan Medicine (TTM). In Tibet in 2015, a total of 3,600 kg of THg was released from human body into the terrestrial environment as a result of TTM ingestion, amounting to 45% of the total THg release into the terrestrial environment in Tibet, hence substantially enhancing the environmental Hg burden. Regular ingestion of TTM leads to chronic exposure of Tibetans to inorganic Hg (IHg) and MeHg, which is 34 to 3,000-fold and 0 to 12-fold higher than from any other known dietary sources, respectively. Application of a human physiology model demonstrated that ingestion of TTM can induce high blood IHg and MeHg levels in the human body. Moreover, 180 days would be required for the MeHg to be cleared out of the human body and return to the initial concentration i.e. prior to the ingestion of 1 TTM pill. Our analysis suggests that high Hg level contained in TTM could be harmful to human health and elevate the environmental Hg burden in Tibet.

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Preparation and crystallographic studies of a new mercuric salicylaldimine complex for fabrication of microscaled and nanoscaled mercuric sulfide as antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi

Ibrahim

Mahmoud

Meurer

et al. 2020

Applied Organom Chemis

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The new mercuric complex [Hg(HL) 2 Cl 2 ] incorporating salicylaldimine ligand (HL = 2-((pyridin-3-ylimino)methyl)phenol) was fabricated where the ligand molecules behaved in a monodentate manner via their pyridine nitrogen atoms. In addition to elemental characterization, X-ray crystallographic studies of the complex revealed its packing in a monoclinic crystal system (space group: I2/a, a = 13.4276(2) Å, b = 6.20950(10) Å, c = 27.7530 (4) Å, α = γ = 90 , and β = 98.1610(10)). Hydrothermal treatment of [Hg(HL) 2 Cl 2 ] with thioacetamide afforded HgS microparticles (HgS μPs; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller [BET] surface area = 6.205 m 2 /g, diameter = 196.53-259.13 nm, and average size = 213.27 nm), whereas these microparticles were transformed to nanoscaled HgS particles (HgS NPs; BET surface area = 14.380 m 2 /g, diameter = 58.87-90.56 nm, and average size = 72.78 nm) by the action of ultrasonication. The as-prepared HgS, HgS NPs in particular, afforded remarkable microbicidal activity against eight strains of filamentous and unicellular human pathogenic fungi and yeasts in comparison with cycloheximide. Remarkably, Aspergillus terreus grew up to 34.7 ± 1.88 mm in the absence of any fungicide, but HgS μPs, HgS NPs, and cycloheximide limited the fungal growth to 26 ± 0.94, 12.33 ± 1.6, and 28.3 ± 1.7 mm after incubation for 6 days. Besides, inhibition of Rhodotorula glutinis was of 7.6 ± 0.01 × 10 7 CFU/ml in control sample, but experiments included HgS μPs, HgS NPs, and cycloheximide limited the colony-forming units of R. glutinis to 4.2 ± 0.01 × 10 7 , 3.5 ± 0.02 × 10 7 , and 5.9 ± 0.05 × 10 7 CFU/ml.

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The Tibetan medicine Zuotai differs from HgCl2 and MeHg in producing liver injury in mice

Abstract: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1) and Glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit (Gclc). In conclusion, the Tibetan medicine Zuotai and HgS are less hepatotoxic than HgCl2 and MeHg, and differ from HgCl2 and MeHg in hepatic Hg accumulation and toxicological responses.

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Developmental toxicity from exposure to various forms of mercury compounds in medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) embryos

Traditional Tibetan Medicine Induced High Methylmercury Exposure Level and Environmental Mercury Burden in Tibet, China

Preparation and crystallographic studies of a new mercuric salicylaldimine complex for fabrication of microscaled and nanoscaled mercuric sulfide as antimicrobial agents against human pathogenic yeasts and filamentous fungi

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