Chemical Elicitor-Induced Modulation of Antioxidant Metabolism and Enhancement of Secondary Metabolite Accumulation in Cell Suspension Cultures of Scrophularia kakudensis Franch

Abstract

Scrophularia kakudensis is an important medicinal plant with pharmaceutically valuable secondary metabolites. To develop a sustainable source of naturaceuticals with vital therapeutic importance, a cell suspension culture was established in S. kakudensis for the first time. Friable calli were induced from the leaf explants cultured on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 3.0 mg¨L´1 6-benzyladenine (BA) in a combination with 2 mg¨L´1 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). From the callus cultures, a cell suspension culture was initiated and the cellular differentiation was investigated. In addition, the effect of biotic elicitors such as methyl jasmonate (MeJa), salicylic acid (SA), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the accumulation of secondary metabolites and antioxidant properties was demonstrated. Among the elicitors, the MeJa elicited the accumulation of total phenols, flavonoids, and acacetin, a flavonoid compound with multiple pharmaceutical values. Similarly, the higher concentrations of the MeJa significantly modulated the activities of antioxidant enzymes and enhanced the scavenging potentials of free radicals of cell suspension extracts. Overall, the outcomes of this study can be utilized for the large scale production of pharmaceutically important secondary metabolites from S. kakudensis through cell suspension cultures.

Influence of nano‐zinc oxide on tropane alkaloid production, h6h gene transcription and antioxidant enzyme activity in Hyoscyamus reticulatus L. hairy roots

“…The activity of APX in the H. reticulatus hairy roots was increased by ZnO concentrations of up to 100 mg/L, but decreased at 200 mg/L. An increase in H 2 O 2 levels was observed in cell suspension cultures of Scrophularia kakudensis in the initial hour after treatment with biotic elicitors, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside, which in turn activated the antioxidant system, thereby increasing the activity of CAT and GPX [40]. Also, the application of high concentrations of ZnO is reported to induce phytotoxicity by decreasing Zn bioavailability and accumulation and reducing ROS production [39].…”

“…These results confirm that ZnO elicitation can stimulate ROS production in plants. An increase in H 2 O 2 levels was observed in cell suspension cultures of Scrophularia kakudensis in the initial hour after treatment with biotic elicitors, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and sodium nitroprusside, which in turn activated the antioxidant system, thereby increasing the activity of CAT and GPX [40].…”

Growth and Physiological Responses of Adenophora triphylla (Thunb.) A.DC. Plug Seedlings to Day and Night Temperature Regimes

“…Total phenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method [46]. To briefly explain the method, 0.1 mL of the supernatant, diluted up to 1.0 mL with double distilled water, was mixed with 0.5 mL of the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (1:1 with water) and 1 mL of sodium carbonate solution (7.5%).…”

“…Content of H 2 O 2 was measured by the method of Manivannan et al [46]. In detail, samples (0.15 g) were homogenized with 1.5 mL of TCA (0.1%), followed by being centrifuged for 15 min at 12,000 rpm.…”

Spatiotemporal Variation of Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Crater Lake Barombi Kotto, Cameroon

“…Salacia species contain unique phytochemicals like salcinol, Kotanol (Hiromi and Sei Ozaki, 2008), Mangiferin (Jaykumar et al, 2015) which are of pharmaceutical value in the treatment of many ailments like diabetes (Jeyakodi et al, 2016), kidney disorder, anti cholesterolemia (Singh et al, 2015), rheumatism, asthma (Romero-Pérez et al, 2016) and cancer (Musini et al, 2015). 36 Elicitors are the signal molecules when applied to plants induce the synthesis of secondary metabolites and offers protections from pathogens (Manivannan et al, 2016). Elicitor are of two types, biotic (biological substance viz., metabolites, proteins, carbohydrates obtain from microbes, for example: Yeast, Fungal spores, mycelial cell wall) and abiotic (chemicals like salicyclic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, etc) (Giridhar and Parimalan, 2010;Saini et al, 2013;Ramakrishna and Ravishankar, 2011).…”