“…Thus, mangroves are often considered as an economical alternative to sewage treatment plants because of their potential in removing and tolerating pollution. However, previous studies have not taken into account their potential in removing ARGs (Leung, Cai, & Tam, ; Ouyang & Guo, ; Wong, Tam, & Lan, ; Wu, Tam, & Wong, ). To our knowledge, some literatures reported that novel compounds as potential new antibiotics (Azman, Othman, Velu, Chan, & Lee, ) produce from Actinobacteria and antibiotic resistance microbes (Cabral et al, ; Ghaderpour et al, ; Jalal et al, ; Le, Munekage, & Kato, ) in the mangrove sediments, but few research study on distribution pattern of ARGs in the mangrove ecosystem.…”