A inadequada uniformidade de aplicação da água em sistemas de irrigação proporciona excesso em parte da área de cultivo e carência em outra, diminuindo a disponibilidade de água à cultura e aumentando o custo de produção. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a uniformidade de aplicação de água por aspersão em pivôs centrais. Foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: coeficientes de uniformidade (CUC, CUD e CUE) e a eficiência de aplicação. As vazões e pressões dos sistemas foram obtidos de acordo com a metodologia. No pivô central 04 os valores de CUC, CUD encontrados no teste estavam inadequados, abaixo do mínimo recomendado (85%); o CUE foi classificado como razoável e a eficiência de irrigação baixa. No pivô central 05 os valores de CUC e CUE encontrados na avaliação estão de acordo com os valores de referência, mas com baixa eficiência de aplicação devido ao valor de CUD abaixo do mínimo recomendado (85%).
The bean is an important crop in feeding the global population. In the northeast of Brazil, it is of particular importance, since it is a staple food, which also generates employment and income. The low productivity of the northeast in recent years due to the water crisis combined with the cost of energy has compromised technical and economic viability. This study aimed to evaluate production parameters of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) under different alternative production systems in the northeast of Brazil. The study was carried out in the experimental area of the sewage treatment plant (STP) in the district of Tianguá, Ceará. The experiment comprised six production systems (treatments) divided into split plots distributed in a completely randomised design with fifteen replications. The systems irrigated with wastewater and amended with different of fertilisers were no fertiliser (S2A0), mineral fertiliser (S2A1) and organic fertiliser (S2A2), as well as systems irrigated with drinking (S1A0, S1A1 and S1A2). It was found that under the systems irrigated with wastewater, the average productivity was 1468.8 kg ha−1, whereas under the systems irrigated with drinking water, it was 984.1 kg ha−1. The production systems that used wastewater (S2A0, S2A1 and S2A2) resulted in greater productivity compared to the production models irrigated with drinking water with organic fertiliser (S1A2) and with no fertiliser (S1A0). All the production models irrigated with wastewater yielded similar results to the conventional system with mineral fertiliser, showing that treated wastewater contains sufficient nutrients to potentially replace mineral fertilisers in cowpea production in the northeast of Brazil. The use of treated domestic effluent increases the productivity of irrigated crops.
RESUMO.Atualmente há uma preocupação na utilização de energia solar como meios alternativos, tendo em vista a viabilidade para implantação dos sistemas fotovoltaicos. Sendo de extrema importância nos tempos atuais devido à necessidade de utilização de novas fontes de energia renováveis. O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar a viabilidade econômica do uso da energia solar na agricultura familiar irrigada no município de Barbalha. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir de dados coletados na Estação Climatológica, localizada em Barbalha, numa série histórica de 30 anos, esses dados foram inserido num programa computacional Retscreen para analisar a viabilidade de projetos, foi feita uma simulaçao do sistema fotovoltaico para geração de energia acionando um conjunto motobomba de 1,0 cv para transportar água a uma caixa com capacidade de 1000 l á 6 m de altura, em seguida será realizada a irrigação por gotejamento de forma gravitacional numa área de 1 há cultivado com milho. Os resultados foram que o sistema só terá um retorno financeiro em 18,5 anos, passando essa energia solar para os agricultores verificamos que somando todos os custos do agricultor será de R$ 7710,00 com uma receita bruta de R$ 11963,52 durante dez meses período em que se podem cultivar dois ciclos de milho irrigado, obtendo uma receita liquida de R$ 4253,52. Assim, o agricultor poderá pagar o investimento da energia fotovoltaica em menos tempo. O sistema mostra-se vantajoso nestes aspectos e abre uma interessante perspectiva de aproveitamento mais eficiente da energia solar na irrigação.Palavras -chave: energia solar; sistemas fotovoltaicos; viabilidade econômica. SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR IRRIGATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA-CE ABSTRACT:Currently there is concern in the use of solar energy as alternative means in order to implement the viability of PV systems. It is of paramount importance in the present times due to the necessity of use of new renewable energy sources. The aim of this study is to analyze the economic feasibility of using solar energy in irrigated family farming in the municipality of Barbalha. The work was developed from data collected in the Climatological Station, located in Barbalha, a historical series of 30 years, this data is inserted into a computer program Retscreen Software to analyze the feasibility of projects, it was made a Simulation of the photovoltaic system for generating energy driving a pump of 1.0 hp to carry water to a box with 1000 l capacity with 6 m high, then will be held drip irrigation of gravity form an area of 1 is cultivated with milho.Os results were the system will only have a financial return approximately 18.5 years, passing this energy for farmers we found that adding all the farmer's cost will be R $ 7,710.00 with gross revenues of R $ 11,963.52 for ten month period in that can grow two cycles of irrigated corn, obtaining a net income of R $ 4,253.52. Thus, the farmer can afford the investment of photovoltaics in less time. The system seems advantageous in these aspects and opens an inter...
Com a inserção da tecnologia da irrigação de baixo custo, a agricultura moderna promove o desenvolvimento econômico e social dos agricultores familiares pertencentes à categoria de irrigantes do distrito de irrigação Jaguaribe-Apodi, possibilitando o aumento da produção de diversas culturas nas áreas irrigadas. Porém, o dispêndio da grande quantidade de energia elétrica, chegando a 35% do custo total da irrigação, reduz significativamente a margem de lucro do produtor mas o aproveitamento da energia proveniente da geração eólica pode reduzir os custos energéticos da irrigação. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar uma análise comparativa da viabilidade econômica entre a utilização da energia elétrica proveniente de hidroelétricas, termoelétricas e da geração eólica, no perímetro irrigado Jaguaribe-Apodi. A metodologia utilizada foi baseada nos indicadores de rentabilidade, como a taxa interna de retorno e o prazo de retorno do investimento inicial, para fornecer informações sobre qual fonte de energia é mais econômica para os pequenos produtores. Conclui-se, então, que a energia eólica apresentou maior viabilidade econômica na geração da energia elétrica, reduzindo os custos da irrigação do produtor rural. Palavras-chave: agricultura irrigada, potência elétrica, viabilidade econômica Utilization of electrical energy deriving from wind, hydroelectric and thermo-electric in the Jaguaribe-Apodi irrigated district, Brazil
ResumoObjetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de sais e efluente tratado na água de irrigação durante o crescimento da alface crespa de (Lactuca sativa L. Growth of curly lettuce irrigated with treated wastewater and saline water at different concentrations in greenhouse AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of salts and treated effluent in irrigation water during the growth of curly lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Technology FATEC Cariri belonging to the Institute Technological Education Center -CENTEC, using a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replications being: EH1 (100% water supply) , EH2 (80% + 20% saline water from the treated effluent), EH3 (50% + 50% of treated effluent water supply), EH4 (20% brine and 80% of treated effluent) EH5 (100 % of treated effluent) and EH6 (100% salt water). It was observed that there was no significant effect relating to the treated effluent concentrations and saline water in the leaves of many variables, growth rate relative and absolute. In relation to collection time was no significant effect on all variables; height, number of leaves, growth rate relative and absolute. If there is no interaction between the two factors. Treatment with 20% A.S.+ 80% A.R%; provided better performance in the studied variables and the treatment had lower performance was treatment with 100% water supply.
Agricultural production in the semi-arid region is critically important for ensuring food security and agricultural development in world. However, due to the environmental impact generated by agricultural activity, and the challenge of producing food for a growing demand, agriculture is dependent on a constant flow of non-renewable environmental and economic resources. The aim of this study was to quantify the sustainability of different agricultural production systems papaya (Carica papaya L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) in the semi-arid region using emergy analysis. The research was carried out in the Curupati Irrigated Perimeter, located in the municipality of Jaguaribara, Ceará (CE), Brazil, corresponding to the cultivation of the irrigated papaya and in the Lagoa Grande settlement, in the Chapada do Apodi, municipality of Tabuleiro do Norte, CE, referring to sorghum cultivation in the rainfed. The rainfed production system had an emergy value of 1.06E+16 seJ ha-1 yr-1 , and was lower than in the irrigated system 1.69E+17 seJ ha-1 yr-1. The following values were obtained for the emergy indicators in the irrigated system: emergy yield ratio (EYR) = 1.51; renewability (R%) = 74.29%; environmental load ratio (ELR) = 0.35, and emergy sustainability index (ESI) = 4.37. Where as in the rainfed system, the EYR = 1.13; R% = 83.81%; ELR = 0.20 and ESI = 5.86. The system of production under the rainfed regime therefore displayed better economic, social and environmental performance in relation to the irrigated production system. Both of the studied production systems contributed to the economic growth of the semi-arid region, with low environmental loads.
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