Mixture of alkaline tetrasodium EDTA with sodium hypochlorite promotes <i>in vitro</i> smear layer removal and organic matter dissolution during biomechanical preparation

“…This can be achieved by employing a variety of techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (Tartari et al . ), co‐site optical microscopy (De‐Deus et al . 2008b) and laser microscopy (Deari et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation

et al. 2019

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Aim To identify chelators which when mixed with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) are stable, exhibiting minimal loss of free available chlorine (FAC) over 80 min and to further investigate potential mixtures by assessing FAC over 18 h and the capacity to remove smear layer. Methodology 0.25 mol L−1 EDTA (10%), 0.25 mol L−1 EGTA (egtazic acid), 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA (cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid), 0.25 mol L−1 DTPA (pentetic acid), 0.5 mol L−1 ATMP (aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid)) and 1 mol L−1 HPAA, (hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid), all at alkaline pH, were mixed equally with 5% NaOCl. 0.5 mol L−1 alkaline clodronate and 0.5 mol L−1 Na4etidronate (15%) were mixed equally with 10% NaOCl. For all mixtures, the pH and temperature were measured over 80 min and additionally for the clodronate mixture over 18 h. Iodometric titration was used to measure the FAC of all mixtures except for HPAA. The following were compared with respect to their ability to remove smear layer: 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl and the sequences 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. The area fraction occupied by open dentinal tubules as a percentage of the total area (% AF) from scanning electron microscopy micrographs was calculated using Image J. The results were statistically analysed with alpha set at 0.05. Results Compared to its control, the mixture 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl lost no FAC over 18 h (P > 0.05). The FAC of 0.25 mol L−1 CDTA mixed with 5% NaOCl fell to 96%, 92%, 75% and 4.9% at 20, 40, 60 and 80 min, respectively. Temperature rises were observed in all cases except in the etidronate and clodronate mixtures. Only in the clodronate mixture did the pH remain above pH 12 for the whole experiment. Although smear layer was removed, the % AF in 1 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate + 10% NaOCl, 1 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl was less than for 0.5 mol L−1 etidronate + 10% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA/5% NaOCl and 5% NaOCl/17% EDTA. Conclusion Alkaline 0.5 mol L−1 clodronate mixed equally with 10% NaOCl has potential for use in continuous chelation, based on this assessment of stability and smear layer removal. Further research is needed to establish its efficacy and safety.

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“…, Tartari et al . ,, ) and consequently influence the adhesion of microorganisms to this substratum in cases of secondary infections (Ates et al . , Kishen et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the combination of several irrigants on dentine surface properties, adsorption of chlorhexidine and adhesion of microorganisms to dentine

et al. 2018

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Mixture of alkaline tetrasodium EDTA with sodium hypochlorite promotes in vitro smear layer removal and organic matter dissolution during biomechanical preparation

Cited by 33 publications

References 27 publications

Influence of dentine debris and organic tissue on the properties of sodium hypochlorite solutions

Influence of dentine debris and organic tissue on the properties of sodium hypochlorite solutions

From an assessment of multiple chelators, clodronate has potential for use in continuous chelation

Effect of the combination of several irrigants on dentine surface properties, adsorption of chlorhexidine and adhesion of microorganisms to dentine

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