The Effect of Post-Stroke Depression on Rehabilitation Outcome and the Impact of Caregiver Type as a Factor of Post-Stroke Depression

Abstract

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of post-stroke depression (PSD) on rehabilitation outcome and to investigate the risk factors of PSD, especially, the role of caregivers type (family or professional) in subacute stroke patients.MethodsTwo hundred twenty-six stroke patients were enrolled retrospectively. All the subjects' basic characteristics, Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory (K-BDI), Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI), and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were recorded when the patient was transferred into the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and at the time of discharge. The results were statistically analyzed by using SPSS ver. 20.0.ResultsThe patients' K-BDI score showed a significantly negative association with K-MBI at discharge (β=-0.473, p<0.001) and a significantly positive association with the mRS score at discharge (β=0.316, p<0.001). Patients with lesions on the left hemisphere (odds ratio [OR], 3.882; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.726-8.733) and professional caregiver support (OR, 0.028; 95% CI, 0.012-0.065) had a higher rate of depression.ConclusionDepression was prevalent in stroke patients, and it had a negative effect on patients' functional outcome. Patients who had a lesion on the right hemisphere had less depression. The type of caregiver was related to the incidence of subacute PSD, and family caregivers were found to lower the frequency of stroke patients' depression.

Transcranial direct current stimulation based on quantitative electroencephalogram combining positive psychotherapy for major depression

“…Regarding the important role of Left Pre-Frontal lobe in experiencing mood disorders, severe depression symptoms were more prevalent in stroke patients with left hemisphere lesion [44]. Furthermore, several open-label studies have suggested that left DLPFC cathodal and right DLPFC anodal tDCS may be an effective treatment configuration in more severely depressed subjects [45], as we employed in the present study for the third participant in the tDCS condition.…”

Comparing Personality Types, Everyday Memory, and Rumination Among Stroke, Heart Attack, and Dialysis Patients

“…Furthermore, they usually prevent patients from returning to their jobs and have independent lives (35). As long as a person's cognitive system is involved with stressful events related to a trauma, his/her memory structure has a low performance (36), which decreases adherence and response to rehabilitation (37) as well as affects the person's quality of life and improvement of his/her performance (38). On the other hand, the better memory a person has, the more he/she follows a treatment (39).…”

The Importance of Assessing Nutritional Status to Ensure Optimal Recovery during the Chronic Phase of Stroke

“…There are vitamin D receptors in the hypothalamus, which may be important in neuroendocrine functioning [ 65 ]. Several studies identify an unfavorable influence of depression on functional outcomes after stroke [ 66 , 67 ], indicating the potential benefit of assessing and addressing nutritional inadequacies associated with depression in stroke survivors undergoing rehabilitation focused on functional recovery.…”