Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

Shirshova, Natasha; Qian, Hui; Houllé, Matthieu; Steinke, Joachim H. G.; Kucernak, Anthony; Fontana, Quentin P. V.; Greenhalgh, Emile S.; Bismarck, Alexander; Shaffer, Milo S. P.

doi:10.1039/c4fd00055b

Cited by 123 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…These values are in agreement with a previous study in which carbon nanotubes were inpcorporated onto carbon fiber via physical deposition or CVD growth. 24 The previous mention of 60 F g −1 capacitance in a composite of carbon fibers and CVD carbon nanotubes has not been experimentally realized. Both ABA functionalization and MWCNT impregnation offer an improvement quantitatively comparable to a previous demonstration of chemical "activation" or etching of carbon fibers, which increased specific capacitance in proportion to an increase in surface area.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typical performance metrics that have been reported are the specific capacitance (capacitance per unit mass of the electrode or the whole device), energy density, and mechanical properties such as the moduli and the ultimate strengths. Improvements to the specific capacitance of structural supercapacitors were achieved through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, 23,24 activated carbon, 22 and carbon aerogel. 24,25 An alternate design utilized nanoporous silicon for both electrodes and demonstrated stable electrochemical performance while a structural load was applied.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Improvements to the specific capacitance of structural supercapacitors were achieved through the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, 23,24 activated carbon, 22 and carbon aerogel. 24,25 An alternate design utilized nanoporous silicon for both electrodes and demonstrated stable electrochemical performance while a structural load was applied. 26 However, all but one 23 of these performance improvements were realized only by using a liquid electrolyte or incorporating an ionic liquid into the solid polymer electrolyte, which reduces structural integrity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Hudak¹,

Schlichting²,

Eisenbeiser³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fiber electrodes for structural supercapacitors were modified to achieve increases in specific capacitance and energy density. In cyclic voltammetry tests with a liquid electrolyte, the specific capacitance of a commercial carbon fiber fabric weave was 0.84 F g −1 or lower, depending on the sweep rate. Impregnation of the carbon fiber with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) or electrochemical functionalization of the carbon fiber increased the capacitance to 3 F g −1 . Electrochemical functionalization of the MWCNT-impregnated carbon fiber further increased the capacitance to 7.2 F g −1 . Electrochemical synthesis and deposition of polyaniline on carbon fiber electrodes increased the electrode capacitance to 26 F g −1 . MWCNT and polyaniline were incorporated into structural supercapacitors made of carbon fiber electrodes, glass fiber separator, and poly(ethylene glycol)-based solid polymer electrolyte. Incorporation of MWCNT increased the specific capacitance and energy density 28-fold, to 125 mF g −1 and 17.4 mWh kg −1 , respectively. Mechanical properties were comparable to previously demonstrated structural energy storage devices. Although the specific capacitance of these solid-state supercapacitors was significantly higher than what was previously demonstrated, the energy density, rate capability, and mechanical performance still require significant improvements for multifunctional structural energy storage devices to be competitive with conventional supercapacitors and carbon fiber composites. In multifunctional material systems, two or more functions are performed by the same material, component, or structural unit.1 The goal in the design of such systems is a smaller volume or mass compared to a combination of corresponding monofunctional elements. One of the most common types of multifunctional material systems is structural energy storage, in which a battery, capacitor, or supercapacitor acts as a structural element for the overall system. Various forms of structural energy storage have been described, 2 and these systems have been proposed for application in communications satellites, 3 spacecraft, 4 ground vehicles, 5 and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). 6-9Small UAVs are typically powered by rechargeable batteries and are prime candidates for incorporation of a structural battery, for example as part of a wing or fuselage. Incorporation of structural energy storage can theoretically increase the flight endurance time in small UAVs because of the interdependence of the subsystem weights, amount of available energy, and flight endurance. 7,9 Theoretical analysis by our own group predicted as much as 200% increase in flight endurance when structural batteries are fully incorporated into a small UAV. 9Even modest increases in flight time, such as 10% or 20%, would provide significant benefit because missions are often limited to less than an hour endurance.Much of the previous work on structural energy storage has focused on lithium-ion batteries. Some common approaches are to incorporate commerc...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Hudak¹,

Schlichting²,

Eisenbeiser³

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Multifunctionality of materials for battery and capacitor applications has been researched in various ways for a number of years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Multifunctionality of materials for battery and capacitor applications has been researched in various ways for a number of years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The aim of this paper is to evaluate the fibers in terms of capacity and coulombic efficiency (CE), as well as correlate the electrochemical properties to the microstructure. The capacity for some of the fibers have been measured before, [14][15][16] but here a wider range of fibers with an older generation fiber (T300), a high strength fiber (T1000) as well as an ultra-high modulus fiber (M60J) is included.…”

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confidence: 99%

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Hagberg

Leijonmarck

Lindbergh

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Carbon fibers have the combined mechanical and electrochemical properties needed to make them particularly well suited for usage as electrodes in a structural lithium-ion battery, a material that simultaneously works as a battery and a structural composite. Presented in this paper is an evaluation of commercial polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers in terms of capacity and coulombic efficiency, as well as a microstructural and surface evaluation. Some polyacrylonitrile based carbon fibers intercalate lithium ions, resulting in a similar capacity as state-of-the-art graphite based electrodes, presently the most commonly used negative electrode material. Using high precision coulometry, we found a capacity of around 250-350 mAh/g and a very high coulombic efficiency of over 99.9% after ten cycles, which is even higher than a commercial state-of-the art graphitic electrode evaluated as reference. The high coulombic efficiency is attributed to the very low surface area of the carbon fibers, resulting in a small and stable solid-electrolyte interface layer. A highly graphitized ultra high modulus carbon fiber was evaluated as well and, compared to the other fibers, less lithium was inserted (corresponding to approximately 150 mAh/g). We show that the use of carbon fibers as an electrode material in a structural composite battery is indeed viable. The demand for new and improved battery technologies is continuously rising. In particular the electrification of the transportation sector needs innovative new solutions to develop and meet new demands. Much research is dedicated to pushing the limits of lithium (Li)-ion batteries in terms of energy, power, safety, cost, lifetime and environmental aspects.Improving graphite and other carbon based electrodes has been extensively researched since the beginning of the 90s since they are the dominating type of negative electrodes in Li-ion batteries.1-5 Another way of improving the effectiveness at a system level is through so called multifunctional battery technologies. The idea is to let the battery perform several functions, in particular carry a mechanical load and still maintain the energy storage function. The weight at a system level can be reduced, and a performance enhancement can be achieved, even if the battery function is not on par with conventional state of the art Li-ion batteries. Batteries could be included as an integral part of the structure in different kinds of vehicles, such as cars or even airplanes. Multifunctionality of materials for battery and capacitor applications has been researched in various ways for a number of years. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

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Graphene and CNT‐Based Smart Fiber‐Reinforced Composites: A Review

Islam

Afroj

Uddin

et al. 2022

Adv Funct Materials

101

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Multifunctional fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites provide an ideal platform for next-generation smart composites applications including structural health monitoring, electrical and thermal conductivity, energy storage and harvesting, and electromagnetic interference shielding without compromising their mechanical properties. Recent progress in carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has enabled the development of many novel multifunctional composites with excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. However, the effective incorporation of such carbon nanomaterials into FRP composites using scalable, high-speed, and cost-effective manufacturing without compromising their performance is challenging. This review summarizes the recent progress on graphene and CNT-based FRP composites, their manufacturing techniques, and their applications in smart composites. Current technical challenges and future perspectives on smart FRP composites research to facilitate an essential step toward moving from research and development-based smart composites to industrial-scale mass production are also discussed.

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Multifunctional structural energy storage composite supercapacitors

Cited by 123 publications

References 55 publications

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

Structural Supercapacitors with Enhanced Performance Using Carbon Nanotubes and Polyaniline

High Precision Coulometry of Commercial PAN-Based Carbon Fibers as Electrodes in Structural Batteries

Graphene and CNT‐Based Smart Fiber‐Reinforced Composites: A Review

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