Anti-inflammatory effects ofRubus coreanusMiquel through inhibition of NF-κB and MAP Kinase

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESRubus Coreanus Miquel (RCM), used as a traditional Korean medicine, reduces chronic inflammatory diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis. However, its mechanism has not been elucidated. In this study, we examine the anti-inflammatory effects of RCM and their possible mechanisms using RAW 264.7 cells.MATERIALS/METHODSUnripe RCM ethanol extract (UE), unripe RCM water extract (UH), ripe RCM ethanol extract (RE), and ripe RCM water extract (RH) were prepared. Inflammatory response was induced with LPS treatment, and expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and NO and PGE2 productions were assessed. To determine the anti-inflammatory mechanism of RCM, we measured NF-κB and MAPK activities.RESULTSUE and UH treatment significantly reduced NF-κB activation and JNK and p38 phosphorylation and reduced transcriptional activities decreased iNOS, COX-2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions, and NO and PGE2 productions. RE and RH treatments reduced IL-1β and IL-6 expressions through suppressions of JNK and p38 phosphorylation.CONCLUSIONSIn this study, we showed that RCM had anti-inflammatory effects by suppression of pro-inflammatory mediator expressions. Especially, unripe RCM showed strong anti-inflammatory effects through suppression of NF-κB and MAPK activation. These findings suggest that unripe RCM might be used as a potential functional material to reduce chronic inflammatory responses.

Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐insulin resistance activities of aqueous extract from Anoectochilus burmannicus

“…Proinflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α play major roles in the inflammation cascades (Lee et al., 2014). Under basal condition, macrophages produced low levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, or IL‐6, whereas LPS could induce the expression of these cytokines.…”

Chemerin is a novel regulator of lactogenesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells

“…We suggest the effect of adiponectin on CMKLR1 expression in vivo could be limited in the lactation period due to decreased plasma levels and gene expression of adiponectin, which may contribute to maintain chemerin signaling in mammary epithelial cells. As TNF-a has a proinflammatory effect and impairs insulin sensitivity, its role in metabolic disease is well understood [31]. In the lactating cow, TNF-a plays an important role in the immune response in mastitis and has a negative effect on milk yield [32,33].…”

Targeting NF-κB pathway for treating ulcerative colitis: comprehensive regulatory characteristics of Chinese medicines

“…It is found that the administration of triterpenoid component (TFRC) (25,50 or 100 mg/kg) in R. coreanus improves the pathological characteristics including colon shortening and colonic epithelium injury, and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a protein and mRNA and macrophages infiltration into colon tissue in DSS-induced mice of acute UC, whose mechanisms might be related to down-regulations of NF-κB and p38MAPK signaling [130]. Furthermore, R. coreanus extracts (ethanol and water extracts) (400 μg/ mL) treatment obviously reduces NF-κB activation and JNK and p38 phosphorylation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells [131].…”

“…Attenuate NF-κB expression [127] Macrophages Inhibit NF-κB activation [129] Rubus coreanus RAW264.7 macrophages Attenuate the nuclear translocations of NF-κBp65 [130] RAW 264.7 cells Reduce NF-κB activity [131] Osthole DSS-induced colonic tissue Reduce the expression of NF-κBp65 [132] Tonifying Qi and activating blood category Tou Nong San TNBS-induced colon tissue Reduce the activation of the NF-κBp65 [134] Heat-clearing and drying dampness category…”