Effects of Enzyme Treated Palm Kernel Expeller on Metabolizable Energy, Growth Performance, Villus Height and Digesta Viscosity in Broiler Chickens

Abstract

This study examined whether pre-treating palm kernel expeller (PKE) with exogenous enzyme would degrade its fiber content; thus improving its metabolizable energy (ME), growth performance, villus height and digesta viscosity in broiler chickens fed diets containing PKE. Our results showed that enzyme treatment decreased (p<0.05) hemicellulose and cellulose contents of PKE by 26.26 and 32.62%, respectively; and improved true ME (TME) and its nitrogen corrected value (TMEn) by 38% and 33%, respectively, compared to the raw sample. Average daily gain (ADG), feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of chickens fed on different dietary treatments in the grower period were not significantly different. Although there was no difference in feed intake (p>0.05) among treatment groups in the finisher period, ADG of chickens in the control (PKE-free diet) was higher (p<0.05) than in all treatment groups fed either 20 or 30% PKE, irrespective of with or without enzyme treatment. However, ADG of birds fed with 20% PKE was higher than those fed with 30% PKE. The FCR of chickens in the control was the lowest (2.20) but not significantly different from those fed 20% PKE diets while birds in the 30% PKE diets recorded higher (p>0.05) FCR. The intestinal villus height and crypt depth (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were not different (p>0.05) among treatments except for duodenal crypt depth. The villus height and crypt depth of birds in enzyme treated PKE diets were higher (p<0.05) than those in the raw PKE groups. Viscosity of the intestinal digesta was not different (p>0.05) among treatments. Results of this study suggest that exogenous enzyme is effective in hydrolyzing the fiber (hemicellulose and cellulose) component and improved the ME values of PKE, however, the above positive effects were not reflected in the growth performance in broiler chickens fed the enzyme treated PKE compared to those received raw PKE. The results suggest that PKE can be included up to 5% in the grower diet and 20% in the finisher diet without any significant negative effect on FCR in broiler chickens.

Celluclast 1.5L pretreatment enhanced aroma of palm kernels and oil after kernel roasting

“…The utilization of hydrolytic enzymes is thus a possible approach to release simple sugars by hydrolyzing these polysaccharides, which has been exploited to a small extent in some studies. For example, cellulase and mannanase were proved to be able to decrease the hemicellulose and cellulose contents of palm kernel expeller (PKE) by 26.26 and 32.62% respectively . In another study, a high concentration of simple sugars was produced when PKE was hydrolyzed by β ‐glucosidase, cellulase and mannanase …”

Effects of β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen utilization of Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae)

“…Agricultural by-products widely used as protein sources are feedstuffs with high β-mannan concentrations (HMCF; palm kernel meal, copra meal, soybean hull, etc.). The high mannan contents in HMCF increase the viscosity of digesta in the small intestine, thereby compromising nutrient and water absorption (Chauhan et al, 2012;Saenphoom et al, 2013) in monogastric animals. Adding β-mannanase to the Contents lists available at ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/livsci diet contributes to a decrease in intestinal viscosity, thus enabling nutrient absorption by the epithelial cells (Lee et al, 2003).…”

Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacterial Cultures Grown in Different Substrates

“…Additionally, the nutritive quality of agrobyproduct can be enhanced through solid state fermentation (SSF) and used as animal feed stuff [5, 6]. SSF is a technology that can be defined as the growth of a microorganism in solid substrate containing moisture in a ratio ranging from 1 : 0.1 to 1 : 1 [7].…”