Openness predicts cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder

Influence of cognitive reserve on neuropsychological functioning in bipolar disorder: Findings from a 5‐year longitudinal study

“…and captured neurocognitive abilities in the areas of attention, memory, language, processing speed, executive functioning, and motor speed. The test battery has also been used in a number of other published articles investigating neuropsychological abilities among individuals with BP, addressing separate questions about the disorder in cross‐sectional analyses. Scores from seven neuropsychological tests were selected that emphasize major areas of cognitive dysfunction among individuals with BP.…”

Relationship between Chinese adjective descriptors of personality and emotional symptoms in young Chinese patients with bipolar disorders

“…For instance, when referring to the personality traits measured by the Big-Five Model 17 or the Alternative Five-Factor Model, 18 patients with bipolar disorders were found to have higher levels of extraversion, adaptive coping and self-esteem, and lower anxiety versus patients with unipolar depression. 19 Openness to experience in bipolar disorders remains unclear, however, with higher 20 and lower 21 levels of openness being reported compared with unipolar depression or schizophrenia. Regarding the disorder subtypes, higher impulsivity, 22 and higher impulsive sensation seeking 23 have been observed in bipolar I compared with bipolar II disorder; and patients with bipolar II disorder have shown higher neuroticism and lower extraversion than patients with bipolar I disorder.…”

Biomarkers and vulnerability to bipolar disorders

“…Dysfunction in working memory tasks such as demanding n-back tasks are reliably observed in BD [120] and this has been linked to reduced ventrolateral and medial PFC activity in patients, consistent with interference in cognitive control of brain regions involved in emotional processing [121]. Cognitive deficits do not appear to be explained by variations in mood, but are considered as rather stable [122] and might be linked to personality traits such as openness to ideas [123]. The longitudinal course of these cognitive deficits is still debated, although a recent article showed that the longitudinal course of specific neuropsychological performance might predict functional outcome, albeit in a transdiagnostic approach [124].…”