Brain cancer mortality in an agricultural and a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a population-based, age-period-cohort study, 1996–2010

Abstract

BackgroundIndividuals who live in rural areas are at greater risk for brain cancer, and pesticide exposure may contribute to this increased risk. The aims of this research were to analyze the mortality trends and to estimate the age-period-cohort effects on mortality rates from brain cancer in two regions in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.MethodsThis descriptive study examined brain cancer mortality patterns in individuals of both sexes, >19 years of age, who died between 1996 and 2010. They were residents of a rural (Serrana) or a non-rural (Metropolitan) area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We estimated mortality trends using Joinpoint Regression analysis. Age-period-cohort models were estimated using Poisson regression analysis.ResultsThe estimated annual percentage change in mortality caused by brain cancer was 3.8% in the Serrana Region (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8–5.6) and -0.2% (95% CI: -1.2–0.7) in the Metropolitan Region. The results indicated that the relative risk was higher in the rural region for the more recent birth cohorts (1954 and later). Compared with the reference birth cohort (1945–49, Serrana Region), the relative risk was four times higher for individuals born between 1985 and 1989.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that there is an increasing trend in brain cancer mortality rates in the rural Serrana Region in Brazil. A cohort effect occurred in the birth cohorts born in this rural area after 1954. At the ecological level, different environmental factors, especially the use of pesticides, may explain regional disparities in the mortality patterns from brain cancers.

Malignant central nervous system tumors among adolescents and young adults (15‐39 years old) in 14 Southern‐Eastern European registries and the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program: Mortality and survival patterns

“…Comparisons of the most recent UK findings (5‐year survival [2001‐2005], 82% and 71% for individuals aged 13‐24 and 25‐49 years, respectively) with our data are not feasible because they also included nonmalignant CNS tumors . In accordance with previous studies of childhood CNS tumors and other childhood and adult cancers, rural residence was also associated with a worse prognosis; this indicates the important role of socioeconomic status and health care delivery in outcomes and that there is room for further improvements at a population level.…”

Cancer mortality in Serbia, 1991–2015: an age‐period‐cohort and joinpoint regression analysis

“…The increasing period effects on mortality trends from brain cancer since 1991 could be the result of improved diagnostic procedures. These findings are similar to results reported in other studies [ 35 ].…”

Análise do efeito idade-período-coorte na mortalidade por câncer colorretal no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, no período 1980 a 2014

“…Muitos autores apresentaram sugestões para a resolução do problema 6,46 . Neste artigo, optou-se pelo método de ajuste de modelos com funções estimáveis proposto por Holford 11 , Clayton & Schifflers 47 que tem sido amplamente aceito e utilizado, inclusive em estudos brasileiros 48,49 . Outro ponto importante é o uso da causa básica de óbito que está sujeita aos erros de classificação e, consequentemente, podem subestimar ou superestimar a magnitude das taxas de mortalidade.…”