Melatonin modulates the expression of BCL-xl and improve the development of vitrified embryos obtained by IVF in mice

Abstract

Purpose Antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin on development of in vitro fertilization (IVF)/vitrified two-cell mouse embryos were evaluated in this study. Methods The IVF two-cell embryos were vitrified by cryotop, and were cultured in KSOM medium in different concentrations of melatonin (10

Does sperm DNA fragmentation affect the developmental potential and the incidence of apoptosis following blastomere biopsy?

“…After washing three times in PBS-0.1% PVA, embryos were mounted on slides. Apoptosis was determined as the percentage of labeled nuclei to the total number of nuclei from optical image of whole-mount embryos under a fluorescent microscope with appropriate filters [Dehghani-Mohammadabadi et al 2014].…”

“…The extraction of total RNA from embryos, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, and qRT-PCR analysis were carried out, based on the protocol described in the previous studies [Dehghani-Mohammadabadi et al 2014;Zuccotti et al 2002]. Briefly, preimplantation embryos at morula stages of development were pipetted into the eppendorf tube containing 1.5 ml lysis buffers.…”

“…Two reference genes, b-actin gene for BCL-2 and BAX genes and hsa-snord 47 for hsa-mir-15a and hsamir-16-1, were used for normalization of the RT-PCR as the endogenous internal genes. The authors performed three replications and also normalized fold-change in the mRNA level of each sample to that of endogenous internal mRNA levels [Dehghani-Mohammadabadi et al 2014].…”

Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on maturation and early embryo development of immature mouse oocytes selected by brilliant cresyle blue staining

“…Growth factors, cytokines such as leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) [13] and antioxidants such as β-mercaptoethanol, glutathione (GSH), and melatonin [14,15] have been shown to have positive effects on mammalian embryonic development during IVM and IVF [14]. L-carnitine (LC) is a small, water-soluble molecule, which can promote fatty acid and energy application by transporting long chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondria membrane for β-oxidation, thus enhance adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration [16].…”

Melatonin Scavenger Properties against Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Impact on <em>In Vitro</em> Embryo Production in Mammals

“…Melatonin added to culture medium increases the cleavage and blastocyst rates [88,124], increases hatching rate [103], increases the total cell number (TCN) [103] and improves trophectoderm (TE) and inner cell mass (ICM) ratio in vitrified embryos [124]. Also, melatonin reduces the apoptotic index [103,124], promotes the activation of antioxidant enzymes like GST and SOD [88], decreases the level of oxidative substrates [88] and ameliorates the reduction of expression of important genes related in early embryo development, like NANOG and POU5F1 [88].…”