240-Gb/s On-Board Optical Transmitters and Receivers

Yashiki, Kenichiro; Hashimoto, Y.; Oda, Mikio; Suzuki, Nobuhiro; Yamamoto, Keisuke; Kurihara, Minoru; Sugimoto, T.; Hatakeyama, H.; Sakai, Jun; Akagawa, Takeshi; Narita, Kôichi; Fukatsu, K.; Tokutome, K.; Kouta, Hikaru; Tsuji, Masayoshi; Ogura, I.; Noda, Akiko; Anan, T.; Suzuki, Yoshishige; Kurata, K.

doi:10.1364/ofc.2010.otum4

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…As described in Chap. 16 of this book, high aggregate bit rates are most easily achieved with parallel links making use of optical fiber ribbons, where bit rates of individual channels currently are in the 10 Gbit/s range and will soon exceed 20 Gbit/s [109,110]. Since their emission wavelength can be adjusted during epitaxial growth, VCSELs are well suited for wavelength division multiplexing transmission [111], which has been exploited in optical telecommunications for many years.…”

Section: Vcsel-based Optical Interconnectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL Fundamentals

Michalzik

2012

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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In this chapter we outline major principles of vertical-cavity surfaceemitting laser (VCSEL) design and operation. Basic device properties and generally applicable cavity design rules are introduced. Characteristic parameters like threshold gain and current, differential quantum efficiency and power conversion efficiency, as well as thermal resistance are discussed. We describe the design of Bragg reflectors and explain the transfer matrix method as a convenient tool to compute VCSEL resonator properties in a one-dimensional approximation. Experimental results illustrate the emission characteristics of high-efficiency VCSELs that apply selective oxidation for current and photon confinement. Both the 850 and 980 nm wavelength regions are considered. The basic treatment of laser dynamics and noise behavior is presented in terms of the small-signal modulation response as well as the relative intensity noise. Finally we give some examples of VCSEL applications in fiber-based optical interconnects, i.e., optical data transmission over short distances. IntroductionVCSELs have undergone an extraordinary evolution over the past three decades. Suggested by Prof. Kenichi Iga and first demonstrated by the research group at Tokyo Institute of Technology in the late 1970s [1-3], VCSELs are a commodity item today [4] and already serve millions of computer users as the key component in modern navigation devices such as the optical mouse. In even larger quantity, this laser type has entirely replaced edge-emitting laser diodes for use in multimode fiber-based Gbit/s speed optical data transmission in premises networks and for the interconnection of various kinds of computer clusters. Several books entirely devoted R. Michalzik (B)

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Section: Vcsel-based Optical Interconnectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VCSEL Fundamentals

Michalzik

2012

Springer Series in Optical Sciences

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“…To meet that requirement, we developed 20 Gbps Â 12 channel on-board parallel optical transmitter/receiver modules with very large throughput, high integration density, and low power consumption. 3) The modules have a total bandwidth of 240 Gbps. On the LSI board, they are mounted to a peripheral of the processor chip in two dimensions through a solder-reflow process; thus the modules were designed to have high resistivity against the reflow process.…”

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High Reliability of High-Speed Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with Silicone-Encapsulated Structure and Parallel Optical Transmitter Modules

Hatakeyama

Akagawa

Fukatsu

et al. 2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Reliability of both high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with silicone-encapsulated structure and the parallel optical transmitter modules were investigated. Results of wear-out life tests indicated that the VCSEL with a silicone-encapsulated structure has the same lifetime as a bare-chip VCSEL, which was more than 106 h at the junction temperature of 90 °C. High reliability of the 20 Gbps × 12 channel on-board parallel optical transmitter modules in various test environments was also confirmed.

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Optical Interconnects

Madamopoulos

2011

Optical Networks

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240-Gb/s On-Board Optical Transmitters and Receivers

Cited by 8 publications

References 1 publication

VCSEL Fundamentals

VCSEL Fundamentals

High Reliability of High-Speed Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with Silicone-Encapsulated Structure and Parallel Optical Transmitter Modules

Optical Interconnects

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