24-h Movement Guidelines and Substance Use among Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Children and youth are recommended to achieve at least 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, no more than 2 h/day of recreational screen time, and a sleep duration of 9–11 h/night for 11–13-year-olds or 8–10 h/night for 14–17-year-olds. Meeting the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations have previously been associated with substance use among adolescents. However, previous research has mainly examined these factors individually rather than looking at how these indicators could concurrently relate to substance use in this age group. Therefore, this study examined the associations between meeting the 24-h movement guidelines for screen time, sleep duration, and physical activity (independent variables) with substance use outcomes including alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking (dependent variables) among adolescents. Self-reported data from a cross-sectional and representative sample of 10,236 students (mean age = 15.1 years) in Ontario, Canada were analyzed. Logistic regression models stratified by gender were adjusted for potential confounders. Combinations of 24-h movement guidelines was differentially associated with substance use in boys and girls. Overall, findings showed that meeting 24-h movement guidelines is associated with lower odds of alcohol consumption, cannabis use, and cigarette smoking differentially with type of recommendation met and gender. Given that the associations between 24-h movement guidelines and substance use differ between boys and girls, future efforts should take this into consideration.

Prevalence of meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines from pre-school to adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis including 387,437 participants and 23 countries

“…A total of 387,437 participants (49% of boys and 51% of girls) aged 3–18 years were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, of which 11,768 were preschoolers (3–5 years; 3%), 76,928 (6–12 years; 20%) were children, and 298,741 (13–18 years; 77%) were adolescents. Twenty-six studies were conducted with preschoolers only, 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 13 studies with children only, 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 17 studies with adolescents only, 11 , 12 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 and 7 studies with both children and adolescents. 9 , 10 , 76 , 77 ...…”

“…Twenty-six studies were conducted with preschoolers only, 8 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 13 studies with children only, 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 17 studies with adolescents only, 11 , 12 , 60 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 and 7 studies with both children and adolescents. 9 , 10 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 According to sex, 25 studies (7 of them with samples of both children and adolescents)…”

“… 9 , 10 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 According to sex, 25 studies (7 of them with samples of both children and adolescents) 8 , 10 , 11 , 28 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 42 , 46 , 48 , 50 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 76 , 77 , 80 , reported the overall meeting of 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in both girls and boys, of which 8 8 , 28 , 31 , 35 , 36 , 42 , 46 , 48 were in preschoolers, 9 50 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 61 , 76 , 77 , 80 were in children, 11 studies 11 , 61 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 72 74 76 ...…”

“…Regarding the measurement of the 3 components of the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines, physical activity was obtained by device-based measures in 37 studies, 8 , 9 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 47 , 49 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 59 , 64 , 65 , 73 , 76 , 78 , 81 self-reported measures in 22 studies, 10 , 11 , 12 , 50 , 57 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 77 , 79 , 80 and parent-reported measures in 4 studies. 32 , 45 , ...…”

“… 7 This analysis should also be carried out because there may be studies with a high percentage of participants who meet the overall 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and, at the same time, a high percentage of preschoolers, children, and adolescents who do not meet any of the 3 recommendations. Previous studies have shown that between 0.01% and 33.0% of preschoolers, 8 0.8% 9 and 30.5% 10 of children, and 4.7% 11 and 60.0% 12 of adolescents did not meet any of the three 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. The high number of young people not meeting any of the 3 recommendations is a public health concern because of the associated negative consequences on adiposity, fitness, and cardiometabolic, mental, social, cognitive, and emotional health.…”