A meta-analysis of prospective studies of coffee consumption and mortality for all causes, cancers and cardiovascular diseases

Abstract

Several prospective studies considered the relation between coffee consumption and mortality. Most studies, however, were underpowered to detect an association, since they included relatively few deaths. To obtain quantitative overall estimates, we combined all published data from prospective studies on the relation of coffee with mortality for all causes, all cancers, cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary/ischemic heart disease (CHD/IHD) and stroke. A bibliography search, updated to January 2013, was carried out in PubMed and Embase to identify prospective observational studies providing quantitative estimates on mortality from all causes, cancer, CVD, CHD/IHD or stroke in relation to coffee consumption. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to estimate overall relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) using random-effects models. The pooled RRs of all cause mortality for the study-specific highest versus low (≤1 cup/day) coffee drinking categories were 0.88 (95 % CI 0.84-0.93) based on all the 23 studies, and 0.87 (95 % CI 0.82-0.93) for the 19 smoking adjusting studies. The combined RRs for CVD mortality were 0.89 (95 % CI 0.77-1.02, 17 smoking adjusting studies) for the highest versus low drinking and 0.98 (95 % CI 0.95-1.00, 16 studies) for the increment of 1 cup/day. Compared with low drinking, the RRs for the highest consumption of coffee were 0.95 (95 % CI 0.78-1.15, 12 smoking adjusting studies) for CHD/IHD, 0.95 (95 % CI 0.70-1.29, 6 studies) for stroke, and 1.03 (95 % CI 0.97-1.10, 10 studies) for all cancers. This meta-analysis provides quantitative evidence that coffee intake is inversely related to all cause and, probably, CVD mortality.

Prospective study of coffee consumption and all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality in Swedish women

“…As in many previous prospective cohort studies carried out among women [8,9,[23][24][25], coffee consumption was not associated with cancer mortality in our study, which is also in agreement with two recent meta-analyses [4,6]. Two prospective cohort studies in Japanese women reported some evidence for an inverse association between coffee consumption and cancer mortality [16,26].…”

“…This finding is in agreement with the results of the Nurses' Health Study and the National Institute of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study [9,14]. It is also consistent with three recent meta-analyses [4][5][6].…”

“…The quantitative relationship between coffee and all-cause mortality, cancer, and cardiovascular disease has been the topic of a large number of prospective studies with inconsistent results for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and have generally shown null results for cancer mortality. Four recent metaanalyses examined the association between coffee consumption and mortality [4][5][6][7]. All four reported an inverse association with all-cause mortality [4][5][6][7]; an unclear [6] or inverse association [4] with cardiovascular mortality; and no association with cancer mortality [4,6].…”

Untitled

“…Interestingly, a meta-analysis published in 2014 [28] concluded that moderate coffee consumption (3-5 cups/day) was associated with a lower CVD risk, and heavy coffee consumption (≥ 6 cups/day) was neither associated with a higher nor a lower risk of CVD. A further meta-analysis [29] has also showed that heavy coffee consumption was not associated with risk of CVD mortality. In contrast, the cohort study by Liu et al [30] found that 4 cups per day of coffee consumption was associated with increased mortality, but the association was only significant for participants under 55 years of age.…”

Schokolade, Alkohol und Kaffee

“…Bei Patienten, die Kaffee trinken und gleichzeitig rauchen, war die Mortalität nicht reduziert [90]. In einer weiteren Studie konnte keine Reduktion der Gesamtmortalität durch Kaffee nachgewiesen werden, wäh-rend in einer kürzlich publizierten Metaanalyse die Gesamtmortalität reduziert war [91,92]. Im Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP) bei Patienten nach einem akuten Myokardinfarkt sowie bei einer Subanalyse des Patientenkollektivs der Framingham Heart Study, in der ältere Patienten untersucht wurden, war der Kaffeekonsum mit einer geringeren kardiovaskulären Mortalität vergesellschaftet [93,94].…”