Association of theADRB2Gly16Arg and Glu27Gln polymorphisms with athlete status

Abstract

The β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs) have known functional roles in cardiovascular and pulmonary responses as well as the appropriate substrate metabolism required for athletic ability. Thus, the β-AR genes are plausible candidates for the variations observed in strength/power and endurance performance levels. The aims of the present study were to compare the frequency distribution of the ADRB2 Gly16Arg and ADRB2 Glu27Gln polymorphisms among athletes of sports with different metabolic and cardiopulmonary demands (endurance vs. strength/power) and to test the association between the Gly16Arg and Glu27Gln genotypes and athlete status. The study was performed in a group of 223 Polish athletes of the highest nationally competitive standard (123 endurance-oriented athletes and 100 strength/power athletes). Control samples were prepared from 354 unrelated, sedentary volunteers. The χ² test of independence revealed that the frequencies of the Gly16 and Glu27 alleles were significantly higher in the strength/power athletes than in the controls (69.0% vs. 59.7%; df = 1, P = 0.017 and 51% vs. 41.5%; df = 1 P = 0.017, respectively). The study showed that ADRB2 Gly16Arg and Glu27Gln markers are associated with athlete status in Polish athletes. An excess of Gly16 and Glu27 alleles and the Gly16:Glu27 haplotype observed in the strength/power athlete subgroup suggests that the Gly16 and Glu27 alleles might increase the probability of becoming a strength/power athlete rather than an endurance-oriented athlete.

Current Progress in Sports Genomics

“…The results of these studies are in agreement with the previous work in which an association of the 16Arg allele with higher peak VO 2 in heart failure patients was reported [45]. On the other hand, Sawczuk et al [46] found that the Gly16 allele and the 27Glu variant of the Gln27Glu (rs1042714 C/G) polymorphism were overrepresented in 100 Polish strength/power athletes compared with 354 controls, but there were no differences in allelic frequencies of both polymorphisms between 123 endurance athletes and controls.…”

Genetic Markers Associated with Power Athlete Status

“…Specifically, the 16Arg allele was associated with lower receptor density and resting cardiac output. Sawczuk et al (2013) found that the Gly16 allele and the 27Glu variant of the Gln27Glu (rs1042714 C/G) polymorphism were overrepresented in Polish strength/power athletes compared with controls.…”

Genetic determination of the vascular reactions in humans in response to the diving reflex

“…the BDKRB2 (C/C) plus ACE (D/D) gene combination in response to diving is because one of 371 the most important factors of the blood pressure elevation is vessel constriction. This might 372 be related to increased blood viscosity due to the release of formed elements caused by 373 hypoxia during diving (42). Our data indicate that hypoxia challenge in individuals with a 374 combination of the BDKRB2 (C/C) plus ACE (D/D) gene polymorphisms is associated with 375 the most conspicuous hypertensive response compared to the individuals with other allele 376 combination.…”

“…Vascular tone depends on the sensitivity of receptors of 97 the vascular walls to the products of these systems. At the same time, it is known that the 98 amount of vasoactive substances produced by the renin-angiotensin and kinin-bradykin 99 systems and the number of receptors of the vascular wall and their sensitivity to the 100 vasoactive substances involved in the regulation of vascular tone, is determined by 101 polymorphisms of genes controlling vascular tone (2,18,22,35,39,42). However, the 102 individual strategies of adaptation to extreme factors accompanying diving are poorly 103 understood.…”

“…These results are in accordance with the observation showing that 320 changes in the structure of the angiotensin II receptor through its gene polymorphism may 321 result in the changes in the regulation of the vascular tone and the proliferation of the smooth 322 muscle cells of the vascular walls (see (50) for review). Additionally, the presence of the C 323 allele of the AGTR1 gene leads to the synthesis of more molecules of AGTR1 (42). The link 324…”