“…However, this is a simplification of the issue, since the acquired osteoblastic or mineralizing phenotype is secured by a balanced impact of microRNAs targeting osteogenic markers (or modulators) like BMP-2, SMADs, Runx2, Osterix (SP7), Dkk-1, and RANKL and others, a loss of calcification inhibitors like MGP and Fetuin-A, and finally a loss of smooth muscle cell markers like α-actin and certain MHC-class of antigens, as shown by Goettsch and co-workers [18]. This major compilation of published literature indicates that several microRNAs well known to be down-regulated in osteoblasts (like the miR-species 23a, 24, 27a, 29a, 34c, 133a, 135a, 149, 204, and 328) [36][37][38][39] are not necessarily down-regulated in "mineralizing" or "calcifying" vascular cells.…”