Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Cassia bakeriana Craib. against Aerobic and Anaerobic Oral Pathogens

Abstract

The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves, bark and wood of Cassia bakeriana Craib. was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Alcohols, aldehydes and fatty acids were the major components in leaf and bark oil, while wood essential oil was rich in fatty acids. Terpenes such as linalool, (E)-nerolidol and phytol were present in low concentrations. The antimicrobial activity against aerobic and anaerobic oral bacteria was evaluated using the microdilution method, as was the cell viability test carried out with Vero cells. The oils from leaves and bark showed high antimicrobial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 62.5 and 125 µg·mL−1 for most of the tested bacteria, including Streptococcusmutans, the main etiological agent of dental caries. Leaves oil displayed the lowest cytotoxic effect (EC50 of 153 µg·mL−1), while wood oil exhibited the highest toxicity to Vero cells. C. bakeriana oils are thus a source of biologically active compounds against aerobic and anaerobic oral microorganisms. This study is the first report on the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity of C.bakeriana.

Seasonal Variation of the Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oils from Inga laurina (Sw.) Willd.

“…The same values were found for anaerobic microorganisms, B. fragilis and P. gingivalis [22]. In another study, essential oils of Campomanesia pubescens inhibited the growth of F. nucleatum, B. [49].…”

“…Antidiabetic, antiviral and antitumoural activities have also been observed [20]. In addition to these effects, essential oils have shown significant antimicrobial properties against several Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria [20], including oral pathogens [21,22].…”

Antibacterial activity of Pinus elliottii against anaerobic bacteria present in primary endodontic infections

“…An inoculum was included, to monitor the broth for bacterial growth. The microplates (96 wells) were incubated inside an anaerobic chamber (Don Whitley Scientific, Bradford, U.K.) at 36 C, for 72 h. After the incubation period, 30 mL of an aqueous resazurin (Sigma) solution (0.02%) was added to the microplates, to observe bacterial growth [11]. Development of a blue and pink color indicated the absence and presence of bacterial growth, respectively.…”

“…Indeed, they possess antibacterial activity against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens of the oral cavity [2,9,11,12,25,31,32]. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the antibacterial activity of the oleoresin, fractions, subfractions, and the major compound dehydroabietic acid isolated from P. elliottii against bacteria that cause endodontic infections.…”

Anti-bacterial and brine shrimps lethality studies of the essential oils of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth S. More) grown in south west Nigeria

“…Oils were very active with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 62.5 and 125.0 μg/mL for most of the tested bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, the main etiological agent of dental caries (Cunha et al, 2013). Also, recent studies on the antifungal activity of clove essential oil (EO), obtained from Syzygium aromaticum, indicates that clove oil consisting mainly of eugenol as the active principle, have considerable antifungal activity against clinically relevant fungi, including fluconazole-resistant strains (Pinto et al, 2009).…”