Sonography of the median nerve in CMT1A, CMT2A, CMTX, and HNPP

Abstract

Differences in CSA, FD, and WFR of the median nerve can be helpful in defining subtypes of hereditary neuropathies.

Ultrasound and electrophysiologic findings in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome at disease onset and over a period of six months

“…Although, the ulnar and median F-waves do not have relation to the 5th and the 6th cervical spinal nerves, the significant correlation between pathology and normalization of both qualities is remarkable as both represent the proximal accentuation of GBS onset and recovery. The negative correlation of NCS and NUS in the peripheral nerves is interesting, as it contrasts the findings, reported in hereditary neuropathies (Schreiber et al, 2013). NUS reveals morphological aspects, such as the epineurium, fascicles, echogenicity, vascularization, whereas the electrophysiology represents the nerve functionality and excitability.…”

Electrodiagnostic and nerve ultrasonographic features in upper limb spasticity: an observational study

“…The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median and ulnar nerves was calculated at the wrist and elbow excluding the hyperechoic perineurium (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999;Peer and Bodner, 2003;Schreiber et al, 2013). Sonoelastography was performed in the transverse view at the wrist and elbow for the median and ulnar nerves by applying vertical rhythmic compression with the transducer (the quality of the examination was guaranteed by the "optimal compression scale", a function of the sonoelastography software).…”

Distinctive patterns of sonographic nerve enlargement in Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 1A and hereditary neuropathy with pressure palsies

“…Currently, twelve studies on nerve sonography in CMT and HNPP patients (evaluating 125 with CMT-1A and 20 with HNPP) have been published (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999;Beekman and Visser, 2002;Martinoli et al, 2002;Cartwright et al, 2009;Tekin and Ozgul, 2009;Zaidman et al, 2009Zaidman et al, , 2013Hooper et al, 2011;Ginanneschi et al, 2012;Lucchetta et al, 2012;Goedee et al, 2013;Pazzaglia et al, 2013;Schreiber et al, 2013;Sugimoto et al, 2013;Kim et al, 2014). Most of these studies examined a limited number of arm and leg nerves.…”

“…Our extensive standardised sonographic protocol, allowed us to obtain a better classification and differentiation of the extent of nerve hypertrophy between CMT-1A and HNPP. Several studies reported nerve hypertrophy in median nerves (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999;Martinoli et al, 2002;Zaidman et al, 2009Zaidman et al, , 2013Pazzaglia et al, 2013;Schreiber et al, 2013;Sugimoto et al, 2013), ulnar nerves (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999;Zaidman et al, 2009Zaidman et al, , 2013Pazzaglia et al, 2013;Sugimoto et al, 2013), radial (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999), sciatic (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999) and sural nerves (Heinemeyer and Reimers, 1999;Pazzaglia et al, 2013) in CMT-1A patients. This is the first study to systematically evaluate and quantitate multiple morphological aspects of the main arm and leg nerves: nerve and fascicle size, vascularisation and echogenicity.…”