Genetic Variants of Echovirus 13, Northern India, 2010

Maan, Harjeet Singh; Chowdhary, Rashmi; Shakya, Akhalesh Kumar; Dhole, Tapan N.

doi:10.3201/eid1902.111832

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…The phylogenetic data in the present study suggest that few of the prevalent serotypes evolve to form a distinct lineage within a given serotype that differ from those prevalent and recently identified serotypes in India and other countries [13, 27]. The study strain sequences depicted in Fig 3 show similarity with strains present in different geographical regions of India.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The UT-EV isolates generated in the study were genetically characterized by molecular serotyping. Encouraged by the initial rapid typing results emanated and previously published by us [27], 188 UT-EV isolates in this study were molecular serotyped by direct VP1 genotyping from stool specimens. The three UT-EVs that exhibited mixed infection by >1 strain involving two different serotypes were resolved through cloning and sequencing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India

2019

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Despite polio eradication, nonpolio enterovirus (NPEV) detection amid polio surveillance, which is considered to have implications in paralysis, requires attention. The attributes of NPEV infections in nonpolio-AFP (NPAFP) cases from Uttar Pradesh (UP), India, remain undetermined and are thus investigated. A total of 1839 stool samples collected from patients with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) from UP, India, between January 2010 and October 2011 were analyzed as per the WHO algorithm. A total of 359 NPAFP cases yielded NPEVs, which were subjected to microneutralization assay, partial VP1 gene-based molecular serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Demographic and clinical-epidemiological features were also ascertained. Echoviruses (29%) and Coxsackievirus (CV)-B (17%) were the most common viruses identified by the microneutralization assay. The molecular genotyping characterized the NPEVs into 34 different serotypes, corresponding to Enterovirus (EV)-A (1.6%), EV-B (94%) and EV-C (5.3%) species. The rarely described EV serotypes, such as EV-C95, CV-A20, EV-C105, EV-B75, EV-B101, and EV-B107, were also identified. NPEV-associated AFP was more prevalent in younger male children, peaked in the monsoon months and was predominantly found in the central part of the state. The NPEV strains isolated in the study exhibited genetic diversity from those isolated in other countries. These form part of a different cluster or subcluster existing in cocirculation, limited to India only. This study augments the understanding of epidemiological features and demonstrates the extensive diversity exhibited by the NPEV strains in NPAFP cases from the polio-endemic region. It also underscores the need or effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulation and its associated health risks in the post-polio eradication era.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India

2019

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“…Between 2001 and 2002, E13 emerged as a predominant EV in the United States and in Japan causing numerous AM outbreaks 33 . Under AFP surveillance, E13 was also found the predominant NPEV in Northern India and China 16 , 29 , and among the most prevalent types in DRC, CAR, South-Western India, and Philippines 13 , 18 , 23 , 24 . E6 has been found to be prevalent in AFP cases from Nigeria, Eastern China, Pakistan, Philippines and Cameroon 17 , 21 , 24 – 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Identification and molecular characterization of non-polio enteroviruses from children with acute flaccid paralysis in West Africa, 2013–2014

Fernandez-Garcia

Kébé

Fall

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Besides polioviruses, non-polio enteroviruses (NPEVs) may also be associated with acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). Because poliomyelitis is on the verge of eradication, more attention should be paid to study NPEVs from non-polio AFP cases and their epidemic patterns. In West African countries the epidemiology of NPEVs remains largely unexplored. We investigated the genetic diversity, frequency, circulation patterns, and molecular epidemiology of NPEVs in seven West African countries by analyzing retrospectively a panel of 3195 stool samples from children with AFP collected through routine poliomyelitis surveillance activities between 2013 and 2014. VP1 sequencing and typing on 201 isolates revealed 39 NPEV types corresponding to EV-A (6.9%), EV-B (90.5%), EV-C (2%) and EV-D (0.5%) species. Echoviruses were isolated most frequently with 138 cases (68.6%), followed by coxsackievirus group B with 35 cases (17.4%). No single NPEV type was remarkably dominant. Interestingly, several rarely described types with limited detection worldwide were identified (EVA76, EVA119, EVB75, EVB77, EVB97, EVC99, CVA20, CVA21 and EVD94). This study demonstrates the extensive diversity and diverse circulation patterns of NPEVs from AFP surveillance and highlights the need to formulate effective long-term strategies to monitor NPEV circulations in West Africa.

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“…We separated the final 96 studies into the three neurological complications of interest: AFP, [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] encephalitis, and meningitis. 26,48,56,58, The "encephalitis" category also encompassed cases of rhombencephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and studies that did not distinguish between meningitis and encephalitis.…”

Section: Data Extraction and Quality Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global epidemiology of nonpolio enteroviruses causing severe neurological complications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Suresh

Rawlinson

Andrews

et al. 2019

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Enteroviruses are RNA viruses found as commensals in the human gut and respiratory system, which may cause a wide spectrum of disease. Enteroviruses may cause severe neurologic complications including acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and encephalitis and are the most commonly diagnosed agents of viral meningitis. Outbreaks of more severe disease are often associated with particular genotypes, such as enterovirus-A71 causing rhombencephalitis and AFP. There are more than 300 described genotypes of human enterovirus, with overlaps in clinical phenotypes between genotypes, and uncertainty about which genotypes are more prevalent in neurological manifestations.A systematic review of observational studies was conducted to evaluate the most prevalent enterovirus genotypes causing AFP, encephalitis, and meningitis. The genotyping methods and sampling sites were compiled as secondary outcomes.Sources included MEDLINE, Embase (publications until January 2019), and references selected from included studies. Meta-analyses using a random effects model were performed to calculate the pooled proportion of enterovirus genotypes in each disease.Ninety-six publications met the eligibility criteria, comprising 3779 AFP cases, 1140 encephalitis cases, and 32 810 meningitis cases. Enterovirus-A71 was most frequently associated with AFP (pooled proportion 0.12, 95% CI, 0.05-0.20) and encephalitis (0.77, 95% CI, 0.61-0.91). Echovirus 30 (0.35, 95% CI, 0.27-0.42) was the most predominant genotype in meningitis cases. Genotypes were most commonly determined using VP1 RT-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and most samples assessed were cerebrospinal fluid.With the emergence of enteroviruses as an increasing cause of neurological diseases, surveillance and testing need to increase to identify the aetiology of the most common and most severe disorders.

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Genetic Variants of Echovirus 13, Northern India, 2010

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India

Identification and characterization of nonpolio enterovirus associated with nonpolio-acute flaccid paralysis in polio endemic state of Uttar Pradesh, Northern India

Identification and molecular characterization of non-polio enteroviruses from children with acute flaccid paralysis in West Africa, 2013–2014

Global epidemiology of nonpolio enteroviruses causing severe neurological complications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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