In vitro and in vivo efficacy of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate to bind and reduce aflatoxin residues in tissues of broiler chicks fed aflatoxin B1

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the binding capacity of a hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS) for aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), and the efficacy of the HSCAS to reduce the concentrations of residual AFB(1) and its metabolites in the liver and kidney of broilers fed AFB(1). One hundred 1-d-old male broilers (Ross 708) were maintained in chick batteries and allowed ad libitum access to feed and water. A completely randomized design was used with 5 replicate pens of 5 chicks assigned to each of 4 dietary treatments from hatch to 21 d. Dietary treatments included the following: A) basal diet (BD), with no HSCAS or AFB(1), B) BD supplemented with 0.5% HSCAS only, C) BD supplemented with 2.5 mg of AFB(1)/kg of feed, and D) BD supplemented with 2.5 mg of AFB(1)/kg of feed and 0.5% HSCAS. On d 21, 5 chicks from each treatment were anesthetized with carbon dioxide, killed by cervical dislocation, and samples of liver and kidney were collected for analysis of AFB(1) residues. The percentage of AFB(1) bound for each concentration of adsorbent (100, 10, 1, 0.5, 0.25, and 0.05 mg/10 mL) was 100, 91.1, 81.8, 75.4, 40.1, and 8.8%, respectively. Concentrations of aflatoxin residues (AFB(1), aflatoxicol, aflatoxins B(2) and G(1)) were lower (P < 0.05) in livers and kidneys of birds fed AFB(1) plus HSCAS (diet D), when compared with birds fed AFB(1) alone (diet C). However, histopathology data from the in vivo study indicated that HSCAS did not prevent lesions associated with aflatoxicosis. The decrease in the bioavailability of AFB(1) caused by the HSCAS reduced aflatoxin residues in liver and kidney, but not enough to completely prevent the toxic effects of AFB(1) in broilers.

The Protective Role of Date Palm (Phoenix Dactylifera Seeds) against Aflatoxicosis in Broiler Chickens Regarding Carcass Characterstics, Hepatic and Renal Biochemical Function Tests and Histopathology.

“…This may be due to the prolonged hepatic and renal damage and release of enzymes into the blood stream of chickens received AF resulting in chronic venous congestion with circulatory and degenerative changes in most of the body tissues (Jindal et al, 1994). The results matched with the previous findings in which aflatoxin treatment increased ALT, AST, GGT enzymes and served as markers of liver and kidney damage/dysfunction, which promoted the release of these aminotransferases from hepatocytes into the blood stream, indicating liver inflammation, lesions or obstruction of the biliary tract (Neeff et al, 2013;Uyar et al, 2016).…”

“…However, the addition of HSCAS to diet contains (100 ppb of AF) in G5 couldn't fully improve the organ's histopathology as there were moderate congestion of hepatic blood vessels and mild to moderate congestion of renal blood vessels which indicated that HSCAS didn't completely protect broilers against aflatoxicosis but partially ameliorated its effect which may be attributed to the dose of HSCAS as mentioned previously by Neeff et al (2013) who reported that HSCAS didn't completely protect broilers against aflatoxicosis, but was effective in reducing aflatoxin residues in liver and kidney of chicks fed 2.5 mg of AFB1/kg of diet during 0-21 days of age. Also, Phillips (1999) reported that the protective effect of HSCAS resulted from the rapid binding capacity of HSCAS to aflatoxins in the gastrointestinal tract of chickens, thus preventing its absorption and normal distribution to the liver.…”

Evaluations of Different Sources of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Binding Capacity of Aflatoxin B1 Utilizing their Adsorption Isotherms

“…Thus, the adsorption isotherms were obtained according to the equations that govern the model, being observed below: In which Cads represents the concentration of mycotoxin adsorbed in equilibrium, Ceq is the concentration of mycotoxin in the solution, α is the adsorption constant K L (L/mg) and β is the maximum amount retained on the surface Qmax (mg/g). Therefore, by applying the model to the isotherms, one can obtain the parameters K L and Qmax, and thus compare the behavior of yeasts and their absorptive potential [28].…”

“…The Langmuir model (equation 3 and 4) considers homogeneous surface and the formation of only one layer, occurring then an absorption in only a finite number of sites. In the derivation of this model, homogeneous adsorption occurs in which each molecule has an activation and enthalpy energy [28]. Thus, the adsorption isotherms were obtained according to the equations that govern the model, being observed below: In which Cads represents the concentration of mycotoxin adsorbed in equilibrium, Ceq is the concentration of mycotoxin in the solution, α is the adsorption constant K L (L/mg) and β is the maximum amount retained on the surface Qmax (mg/g).…”

Broiler Tavuklarda Aflatoksin ile Kontamine Diyette Ticari Toksin Bağlayıcı, Doğal Probiyotik Türleri, Maya Hücre Duvarı ve Aluminosilikatın GOT2 ve CYP450 1A5 Gen Ekspresyonları İle Karaciğer Enzimlerinin Serum Konsantrasyonları Üzerine Etkisi

“…Shi et al [30] reported the increasment of ALT, AST and GGT enzymes due to feeding a diet contaminated with aflatoxin to broiler chickens. Researches have been proved that increased serum levels of GGT and AST, is used as an indicator for investigating liver and kidney toxicity [31] . According to what was mentioned, increased serum levels of these two enzymes (GGT, AST) in PC.…”