2022 roadmap on 3D printing for energy

Abstract

This roadmap aims to define the guidelines to maximise the impact of the 3D printing revolution on the next generation of devices for the energy transition. It also outlines the current status, challenges and required advances in Science and Technology for a series of power generation technologies (fuel cells, solar cells, thermoelectric generators and turbomachinery) and energy storage technologies (electrolysers, batteries and supercapacitors). Finally, the roadmap discusses the role of 3D printing in improving the mass and heat transfer to improve the energy efficiency of chemical reactors (CO2 conversion) and novel cooling systems. With this document, the authors intend to provide a valuable tool for researchers, technology developers, and policymakers when defining their strategies for the energy sector's future.

Rapid Prototyping of Lab-scale Electrolysis Cells Using Stereolithography and Electroless Plating

“…3D printing has enabled rapid production of electrically insulating components of electrochemical equipment such as reservoirs or housings. [8][9][10][11][12] Prior approaches for prototyping electrolysis cells have used Fused Deposition Modeling FDM printers, which are relatively slow (on the order of days per part) and especially prone to errors at the resolution required for fine features such as screw threads and flow fields. 13,14 Recently developed tabletop stereolithography (SLA) printers can access smaller feature sizes in a fraction of the time.…”

3D printing of self-supported solid electrolytes made of glass-derived Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5P3O12 for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries

“…Typical printing techniques used in the eld of the energy devices are inkjet, robocasting, fused deposition modelling and stereolithography (SLA). [13][14][15] Robocasting has been one of the most employed tools for 3Dprinting of energy devices like fuel cells, supercapacitors, or batteries. 16 However, it is characterized by a poor resolution (in the order of 100 s of mm), low-quality surface nishing, and strong limitations to fabricate complex shapes such as those involving suspended structures.…”

“…Typical printing techniques used in the field of the energy devices are inkjet, robocasting, fused deposition modelling and stereolithography (SLA). 13–15…”

Fabrication of modern lithium ion batteries by 3D inkjet printing: opportunities and challenges

“…3D printing techniques are expected to significantly develop in the field of batteries [25] . The IJP was highlighted as a promising technology for the fabrication of 3D designs [26] , [27] and thin films [28] for LIBs.…”