20.6 A 28GHz efficient linear power amplifier for 5G phased arrays in 28nm bulk CMOS

Shakib, Sherif; Park, Hyun-Chul; Dunworth, Jeremy; Aparin, V.; Entesari, Kamran

doi:10.1109/isscc.2016.7418052

Cited by 71 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…To realize the throughput metrics of 5G, a vast amount of spectrum is necessary, which is available in the mm-wave bands. Despite the advantage of large bandwidth, transmissions at mm-wave frequencies have significantly less favorable RF link budgets if antenna gains are not increased [3], as well as much reduced power amplifier efficiencies [4], [5] lead to increased heat dissipation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Beam Synthesis of Passively Cooled 5G Planar Arrays Using Convex Optimization

Aslan

Puskely

Rœderer

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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An extended-feature, system-driven convex algorithm for the synthesis of uniform-amplitude, irregular planar phased arrays with simultaneous multi-beam optimization for mm-wave 5G base station applications in multiuser scenarios is presented. The inter-user interferences are suppressed by minimizing the maximum side lobe level (SLL) for a beam scanned freely inside a given sector. The aperture size is restricted to the size of the heatsink baseplate dimensions. A minimum guaranteed inter-element spacing in the final layout is predefined, which prevents element overlapping, eases the thermal problem and helps reduce the effects of high mutual coupling. The algorithm performance is tested via the synthesis of a 64element integrated array with at least half a wavelength interelement spacing. The optimized array results show that, compared to their regular counterparts, significant reduction in the SLLs is achieved for a beam scanned inside the defined sector, while keeping the maximum temperature of the array at a reliable level. The effect of mutual coupling on the results is also investigated via full-wave simulations and it is explained how embedded element patterns can potentially be included in the optimization. Superior capabilities of the proposed method are illustrated by comparing the algorithm output to those reported in the state-of-the-art literature.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Beam Synthesis of Passively Cooled 5G Planar Arrays Using Convex Optimization

Aslan

Puskely

Rœderer

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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“…By using such an overlaying topology, this output combiner eliminates the need for additional lossy direct combining circuitries. Hence, it has a very compact size of 0.02 mm 2 and is capable to provide high passive efficiency. Fig.…”

Section: A Power Stage Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Millimeter Wave SOI-CMOS Power Amplifier With Enhanced AM-PM Characteristic

et al. 2020

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This paper proposes a novel inter-stage load-pull characterization method to enhance the linearity of millimeter wave integrated power amplifiers (PAs) by minimizing their amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortion without worsening their AM-AM or efficiency performances. The proposed method identifies the optimal solution for the inter-stage matching network which enables the synthesis of a driver stage AM-PM characteristic that is complementary to that of the power stage; consequently, reducing the overall AM-PM distortion of the PA. The proposed technique is applied to design a proof-of-concept 28-31 GHz PA demonstrator using 45 nm silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. The measurement results obtained under continuous wave excitation at 29 GHz demonstrate an excellent AM-PM characteristic, with phase distortions as low as 0.2 • at the 1-dB compression power level of 13.9 dBm and less than 1 • at an output power level of up to 16 dBm (very close to the saturation power of 16.6 dBm). This enhanced AM-PM linearity improves the linearizability of the PA. This was confirmed by testing the PA with a 64 quadrature amplitude modulated test signal with an instantaneous bandwidth of 800 MHz. Without applying any digital pre-distortion (DPD) technique, the PA delivers a power added efficiency (PAE) of 8.7% at an average output power (P avg) of 9.4 dBm while maintaining an error vector magnitude (EVM) of −25 dB. However, after applying a very simple memoryless DPD function with only four coefficients, the PA can operate at a higher P avg of 11.1 dBm with a much better PAE of 12.2% while still maintaining an acceptable EVM of −25.2 dB. Thanks to the proposed technique, the PAE of the proposed PA can be improved by 40% with a very simple application of a low cost and low complexity DPD technique.

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“…A first linear bulk CMOS PA targeting the low-power 28 GHz 5G mobile user equipment (UE) integrated phasedarray transceivers application is reported in [28][29][30]. The output stage of the PA is first optimized for PAE at a desired error vector magnitude (EVM) and range.…”

Section: G Pa Designed At 28 Ghz In Several Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of 5G Power Amplifier Design at cm‐Wave and mm‐Wave Frequencies

Lie

Mayeda

et al. 2018

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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The 5G wireless revolution presents some dramatic challenges to the design of handsets and communication infrastructures, as 5G targets higher than 10 Gbps download speed using millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) spectrum with multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, connecting densely deployed wireless devices for Internet-of-Everything (IoE), and very small latency time for ultrareliable machine type communication, etc. The broadband modulation bandwidth for 5G RF transmitters (i.e., maximum possibly even above 1 GHz) demands high-power efficiency and stringent linearity from its power amplifier (PA). Additionally, the phased-array MIMO antennas with numerous RF front-ends (RFFEs) will require unprecedented high integration level with low cost, making the design of 5G PA one of the most challenging tasks. As the centimeter-wave (cm-Wave) 5G systems will probably be deployed on the market earlier than their mm-Wave counterparts, we will review in this paper the latest development on 15 GHz and 28 GHz 5G cm-Wave PAs extensively, while also covering some key mm-Wave PAs in the literature. Our review will focus on the available options of device technologies, novel circuit and system architectures, and efficiency enhancement techniques at power back-off for 5G PA design.

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20.6 A 28GHz efficient linear power amplifier for 5G phased arrays in 28nm bulk CMOS

Cited by 71 publications

References 4 publications

Multiple Beam Synthesis of Passively Cooled 5G Planar Arrays Using Convex Optimization

Multiple Beam Synthesis of Passively Cooled 5G Planar Arrays Using Convex Optimization

Millimeter Wave SOI-CMOS Power Amplifier With Enhanced AM-PM Characteristic

A Review of 5G Power Amplifier Design at cm‐Wave and mm‐Wave Frequencies

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