164 Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in rural communities in Sudan: prevalence and risk factors

Noor, Sufian K.; Bushara, Sarra O; Sulaiman, Amel A.; Elmadhoun, Wadie M; Ahmed, Mohamed H.

doi:10.26719/2015.21.3.164

Cited by 41 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…The estimated prevalence of diabetes in urban areas in North Sudan was thought to be around 19% in comparison with 2.5% in rural regions (1,2). Like other developed and developing countries, high prevalence of uncontrolled diabetes (85%) is noted in Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that the prevalence of fatty liver among Sudanese individuals with type 2 diabetes was found to be as high as 50.3% (4). Importantly, Increasing age, a family history of diabetes, central obesity, obesity, an increase in metabolic syndrome parameters, hypertension and high triglyceride level and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) level were significant risk factors for both diabetes and fatty liver in Sudanese individuals (1)(2)(3)(4). Unfortunately, the prevalence of diabetes in Africa is expected to increase to 28 million cases by 2030 in comparison with 14 million in 2011 (5-7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration and associated risk factors: an old and still major public health problem in Khartoum, Sudan?

et al. 2017

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Background: Diabetic foot ulceration (DFU) is a major health problem across the globe. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of DFU and its associated risk factors in Sudanese individuals with diabetes.Methods: Three hundred and ten individuals with type 2 diabetes, who have been on treatment for DM for at least 1 year and volunteered to participate, were enrolled in this study. Participants were interviewed using standardized pretested questionnaire to record medical history, socio-demographic, life style characteristics and presence of DFU.Results: The prevalence of DFU was found to be 18.1% in this cohort (95% CI: 13.78-22.34%). Among different metabolic variants like hypertension, albuminuria, retinopathy, neuropathy, HbA1c, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride, only duration of diabetes was significantly associated with DFU (P<0.0018) as shown by logistic regression statistical analysis. Even after adjusting for all other potential risk factors, living with diabetes for more than 10 years is associated with an increase in the diabetic foot probability by 3.16 folds (95% CI: 052-10.48 folds increase), P=0.006.The adjusted effect for living with diabetes for more than 20 years on the diabetic foot complication probability is an increase by 1.73 folds (95% CI: 0.39-4.37 folds increase), P=0.005. However, living with diabetes for more than 5 years had a non-significant adjusted effect on diabetic foot probability.Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetic foot ulcer was 18.1 % and the risk of development of diabetic foot ulcer is increased with duration of diabetes more than 10 years.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration and associated risk factors: an old and still major public health problem in Khartoum, Sudan?

et al. 2017

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“…The Bangladesh Population-based Diabetes and Eye Study (25) recently reported a 3.6% prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes, based on a random sampling strategy. Prevalence rates in the general population appear to be lower, with reported 1.13% undiagnosed type 2 diabetes in the Canadian Health Measures Survey (26), 2.7% in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in the U.S. (19), and 2.6% prevalence in rural communities in Sudan (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severity of coronary artery disease and retinal microvascular signs in patients with diagnosed versus undiagnosed diabetes: cross-sectional study

et al. 2016

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Background: There is increasing evidence that a considerable proportion of patients with diabetes remain undiagnosed and untreated, however, it is unclear whether this is associated with more severe coronary artery disease (CAD) and microvasculature changes compared with diagnosed patients. We assessed CAD extent and severity, along with changes to the retinal microvascular structure in participants with undiagnosed versus diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: Participants of the Australian Heart Eye Study were stratified into participants with previously diagnosed diabetes (n=489), undiagnosed diabetes (n=76) and no diabetes (n=1,112). Retinal vessel caliber was measured from digital retinal images. Extent and severity of CAD was assessed using Extent and Gensini scores from angiography findings, respectively.Results: Participants with undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes versus those with no diabetes (reference group) had increased odds of being in the highest quartile of Gensini scores, multivariate adjusted odds ratios (OR) =7.02 [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.04-24.1] and OR =2.76 (95% CI, 1.67-4.55), respectively.Participants with undiagnosed and diagnosed diabetes versus those with no diabetes also had increased odds of being in the highest quartile of Extent scores, multivariate adjusted OR =7.63 (95% CI, 2.15-27.10) and OR =3.72 (95% CI, 2.22-6.27), respectively. No significant differences were observed in retinal vessel caliber between participants with undiagnosed versus diagnosed diabetes.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that participants with undiagnosed diabetes compared to those with previously diagnosed diabetes, had a stronger likelihood of having more severe and extensive CAD. However, retinal microvascular signs did not differ by diabetes status.

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“…The prevalence of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes was found to be 85% in Sudan. 5,6 The great financial burden and adverse social influence on individuals with DM and their families in Sudan, request urgent need for development of evidence-based policy and program strategies, with a stress on low-resource communities. 7 Genetic susceptibility to type 2 DM is multifactorial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible Pregnancy-Associated Complications among Diabetic Patients

Ibrahim¹,

Hassan²,

SaadEldin³

et al. 2017

JDMDC

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Hyperglycemia, the common characteristic of both type 1and 2 DM, has the potential to cause severe complications due to its insidious and chronic nature. 13 The most common complications include oxidative stress, 14 Diabetic Neuropathy, Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Macrovascular Complications, and other Miscellaneous Complications. 13 Gestational diabetes (GDM) has significant maternal

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164 Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in rural communities in Sudan: prevalence and risk factors

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration and associated risk factors: an old and still major public health problem in Khartoum, Sudan?

Prevalence of diabetic foot ulceration and associated risk factors: an old and still major public health problem in Khartoum, Sudan?

Severity of coronary artery disease and retinal microvascular signs in patients with diagnosed versus undiagnosed diabetes: cross-sectional study

Possible Pregnancy-Associated Complications among Diabetic Patients

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