“…There is an erosion in local identity, a lack of public intimacy, and feelings of alienation among local residents. Tourists may bring more litter, drunkenness, drug abuse, noise, and vandalism, along with serious crime and water and air pollution (Coldwell 2017; Dodds and Butler 2019; Genç and Duman 2019; Goodwin 2019; Hamper 2016; Milano, Cheer, and Novelli 2019; Singh 2018; Mou et al 2020; Nolan and Séraphin 2019; Novy 2018; Peeters et al 2018; Rončák 2019; Séraphin et al 2018, Séraphin et al 2019; Smith 2019; Stanchev 2018; Zhang, et al 2020). Thus, interactions between culturally different groups do not necessarily contribute to good relationships between visitors and residents (Boukamba, Oi, and Sano 2020; Stylidis 2020).…”