Metabolic Syndrome and Importance of Associated Variables in Children and Adolescents in Guabiruba - SC, Brazil

Abstract

BackgroundThe risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be present in childhood and adolescence, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.ObjectiveEvaluate the prevalence of MetS and the importance of its associated variables, including insulin resistance (IR), in children and adolescents in the city of Guabiruba-SC, Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional study with 1011 students (6-14 years, 52.4% girls, 58.5% children). Blood samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters by routine laboratory methods. IR was estimated by the HOMA-IR index, and weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS, IR, overweight and obesity in the cohort were 14%, 8.5%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Among students with MetS, 27% had IR, 33% were overweight, 45.5% were obese and 22% were eutrophic. IR was more common in overweight (48%) and obese (41%) students when compared with eutrophic individuals (11%; p = 0.034). The variables with greatest influence on the development of MetS were obesity (OR = 32.7), overweight (OR = 6.1), IR (OR = 4.4; p ≤ 0.0001 for all) and age (OR = 1.15; p = 0.014).ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents evaluated in this study. Students who were obese, overweight or insulin resistant had higher chances of developing the syndrome.

Abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents, are we aware of their relevance?

“…In the South region of Brazil, a high prevalence of MetS among adolescents with AO and IR was observed [115]. Weiss et al stated that, in children and adolescents, MetS is far more common than formerly reported and its prevalence increases directly with the degree of obesity [116].…”

Indicadores antropométricos, metabólicos e hemodinâmicos como preditores da síndrome metabólica em adolescentes

“…Encontraram-se resultados semelhantes em um estudo desenvolvido com crianças e adolescentes em Guabiruba, Santa Catarina (31) , onde os estudantes com SM apresentaram elevação dos valores da PA sistólica e da PA diastólica em comparação àqueles sem SM (p < 0,0001). No estudo ERICA (24) , encontrou-se a prevalência de elevação da PA de 8,2% entre os adolescentes estudados.…”

Frecuencia de síndrome metabólico en residentes de una región andina del Perú

“…Se consideró una prevalencia de SM de 19,1% para escolares de secundaria (12) , 27,1% para universitarios (15) y 39,7% para madres (3) ; un nivel de confianza del 95%, un margen de error relativo del 15% para estudiantes de secundaria y universitarios, y del 7% para madres de primaria. Para estudiantes de secundaria y madres de primaria se utilizó la fórmula para muestreo por conglomerados.…”

“…También existe evidencia de la importancia de la detección del SM en mujeres, pues se ha encontrado asociación entre la presencia de SM en madres y su descendencia femenina, esta asociación se presenta, incluso, para algunos componentes aislados del SM, como glucosa elevada, obesidad central y niveles bajos de C-HDL (11) . También se ha reportado asociación entre obesidad pregestacional con mayor índice de masa corporal, mayores niveles de presión arterial, y resistencia a la insulina en la descendencia (11,12).…”