BackgroundThe risk factors that characterize metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be present in childhood and adolescence, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood.ObjectiveEvaluate the prevalence of MetS and the importance of its associated variables, including insulin resistance (IR), in children and adolescents in the city of Guabiruba-SC, Brazil.MethodsCross-sectional study with 1011 students (6-14 years, 52.4% girls, 58.5% children). Blood samples were collected for measurement of biochemical parameters by routine laboratory methods. IR was estimated by the HOMA-IR index, and weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure were determined. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between risk variables and MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS, IR, overweight and obesity in the cohort were 14%, 8.5%, 21% and 13%, respectively. Among students with MetS, 27% had IR, 33% were overweight, 45.5% were obese and 22% were eutrophic. IR was more common in overweight (48%) and obese (41%) students when compared with eutrophic individuals (11%; p = 0.034). The variables with greatest influence on the development of MetS were obesity (OR = 32.7), overweight (OR = 6.1), IR (OR = 4.4; p ≤ 0.0001 for all) and age (OR = 1.15; p = 0.014).ConclusionThere was a high prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents evaluated in this study. Students who were obese, overweight or insulin resistant had higher chances of developing the syndrome.
O objetivo do presente estudo piloto foi verificar se a prática de jogos recreativos e cooperativos promove modificação dos fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em crianças e adolescentes. Vinte e seis estudantes (15 meninos), com idade entre oito e 12 anos, portadores de dislipidemias e/ou obesidade abdominal participaram desse estudo. As atividades recreativas e de lazer foram realizadas 2 h/dia, três vezes por semana, durante 3,5 meses, e foram supervisionadas por profissional de Educação Física. No início e no final do estudo, amostras de sangue foram coletadas (jejum 12-14 h) para as análises bioquímicas. Além disto, foram realizadas medidas antropométricas por métodos padronizados. De acordo com os resultados, houve melhoras significativas na concentração de HDL-colesterol (+3,7%), triglicérides (-25,4%), índice de Castelli I (-7,1%), ácido úrico (-15,4%), circunferência da cintura (-5,4%) e relação circunferência da cintura/altura (-4,3%). Pode-se concluir que a prática de jogos recreativos e cooperativos promoveu melhoras cardiometabólicas, particularmente nos parâmetros lipídicos e na obesidade central, nas crianças e adolescentes com dislipidemias e/ou obesidade abdominal que participaram desse estudo. Sugere-se, assim, que a atividade física na criança e no adolescente, visando à prevenção dos fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, não requer a adoção de treinamento intensivo de exercícios físicos que exijam a capacidade máxima do praticante.
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From 5/98 to 5/03, of the 1310 patients taking a medical therapy for erectile dysfunction (E.D.), only 137 took autointracavernosal injection (auto. ICI). 134 patients were contacted by phone and were asked to answer a definite questionnaire. Results 49 patients (36.5%) still perform auto-ICI therapy while 85 (63.5%) had given up. 53% of the patients still using auto-ICI make the injection 4, or more times a month, with an erection lasting a considerable time (30–60 minutes). Nobody referred the presence of corpora cavernosa fibrosis. The reasons put forward by patients who stopped the therapy were: a perception of ineffectiveness, therapy rejection, fear of injections and the appearance of intolerable side effects. Conclusions Auto-ICI therapy remains a valid option for patients with E.D. not responding to oral therapy but it needs greater involvement by the physician in order to evaluate the patient's psychological discomfort and reduce or eliminate intolerable side effects.
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