Static posturography in addicted to illicit drugs and alcohol

Moreira, Daniela Affonso; Ganança, Maurício Malavasi; Caovilla, Heloísa Helena

doi:10.5935/1808-8694.20120015

Cited by 7 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…It is known that the consumption of alcohol and/or illicit drugs can negatively affect body balance 8,12,14 , which may be due to the increase in the occurrence of tremors and excessive body oscillation 1,23,24 , damage to structures of the central and peripheral nervous system 13 , or, in the specific case of alcohol consumption, cerebellar damage characterized by degeneration and loss of volume of Purkinje cells 25 . Although the practice of physical exercise was considered as a covariant for the comparison between groups, it is known that individuals with SUD, in addition to neurological damage, may present low levels of muscular strength when compared to people without dependence, a factor which may also negatively influence the results 7,19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study conducted by Schmidt et al 13 using dynamic posturography also concluded that alcohol consumption has a deleterious effect on the body balance of abstinent alcoholic individuals and that these individuals present significant alterations in postural balance when compared to non-alcoholics. Moreira et al 14 in their study using posturography, highlight that time of use of illicit drugs demonstrated a significant and positive correlation with oscillation velocity in the closed eyes condition. Thus, the longer the use of illicit drugs, the greater the individual's difficulty in maintaining body balance when visual and proprioceptive information was absent or distorted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Postural Control of People in treatment for substance use disorder

Malagodi

Greguol

Carraro

et al. 2020

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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One of the common sequelae of chronic abuse of alcohol and/or illicit drugs is the impairment of body balance control, caused by long-term neurological damage. This study aimed to investigate the postural control of individuals hospitalized for the treatment of substance use disorder (initial phase) and to compare the results obtained by a control group. Method: For this, One-hundred fourteen individuals hospitalized for the treatment of substance use disorder and eighty-eight healthy controls, all males, were analyzed. Body mass, height, and waist circumference were measured. Were performed a balance test in a static upright position with feet side by side using a plantar pressure platform. Results: Individuals with substance use disorder have shown significantly lower results on body balance compared with controls. Individuals with chemical dependence showed balance results open-eyes, similar/lower than control subjects with close-eyes. Still, those who used only alcohol or alcohol combined with other illicit drugs presented worse results. Finally, impairments in body balance variables showed a significant correlation with age and substance time of use. Conclusion: Even in the early stage of treatment, substance use disorder considerably impairs the balance of the investigated men. The worst results were found in alcohol-dependents (alcohol alone or alcohol combined with other drugs).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Postural Control of People in treatment for substance use disorder

Malagodi

Greguol

Carraro

et al. 2020

Motriz: rev. educ. fis.

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“…Of the 44 studies, 16 (37%) reported ototoxicity related to illicit drug ingestion comprised of amphetamines [Iqbal, 2002a, b], cocaine [Ciorba et al, 2009;Stenner et al, 2009], cannabis [Iqbal, 2002b], heroin [Polpathapee et al, 1984;Ishiyama et al, 2001;Iqbal, 2002b;Kortequee et al, 2005;Schrock et al, 2008;Antonopoulos et al, 2012;Aulet et al, 2014], or a combination of drugs [Sharma, 2001;Nicoucar et al, 2005;Fowler and King, 2008;Nair et al, 2010;Schweitzer et al, 2011;Moreira et al, 2012]. One additional study [Józefowicz-Korczynska et al, 1994] reported vestibular and audiometric results for people addicted to "drugs" that were not specified beyond noting inclusion of opiates, barbiturates, and inhalants.…”

Section: Overview Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most publications (35/44 or 79.5%) were case reports of 1-9 patients. Of the remaining 9 studies (20%) involving larger cohorts, 2 reported results for use of illicit drugs [Iqbal, 2002b;Moreira et al, 2012], 6 reported on misuse of prescription opioids [Kurnatowski and Garganisz, 1996;Friedman et al, 2000;Freeman et al, 2009;Rawool and Dluhy, 2011;Bayat et al, 2019;Mozeika et al, 2020], and 1 reported on "drugs" that included both opioids and illicit substances [Józefowicz-Korczynska et al, 1994]. Results from Józefowicz-Korczynska et al [1994] are not included in Table 1 because data for all substances were reported in aggregate.…”

Section: Overview Of the Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 5 cases, 2 patients reported dizziness [Sharma et al, 2001;Nicoucar et al, 2005], 1 patient denied vestibular symptoms [Schweitzer et al, 2011], and the remaining cases did not report on vestibular function [Fowler and King, 2008;Nair et al, 2010]. Only one cohort study for various illicit drugs [Moreira et al, 2012] has reported objective vestibular testing. In a group of 47 people who used marijuana and/or cocaine/crack with alcohol compared to a healthy control group of 47 people, Moreira et al [2012] utilized computerized electronystagmography to measure pendular tracking, optokinetic, and spontaneous, positional, and positioning nystagmus.…”

Section: Illicit Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hearing and Vestibular Loss with Misuse of Opioids and Illicit Drugs: A Review of the Literature

et al. 2022

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Background: The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature regarding the effects of opioids and illicit drugs on the auditory and vestibular systems. Methods: Data were sourced from published papers reporting hearing loss (HL) and/or vestibular loss (VL) following misuse or overdose of opioids or illicit drugs. Most papers consisted of retrospective single-case reports, with few retrospective reviews or prospective cohort studies. Search terms included variations of HL, VL, opioids, and illicit drugs. Search results yielded 51 articles published between 1976 and 2021. A total of 44 articles were reviewed after excluding studies that were not available in English (n = 3), only described acute effects in healthy cohorts (n = 3) or only described general health aspects in a group on methadone maintenance (n = 1). Results: Sixteen studies reported ototoxicity from illicit drugs, 27 from prescription opioids, and 1 was unspecified. This review shows that HL associated with amphetamines and cocaine was typically sudden, bilateral, and temporary. HL from cocaine/crack and heroin often presented with greatest losses in the mid-frequency range. HL associated with opioids was typically sudden, bilateral, moderately severe to profound, and in most cases permanent. The literature is sparse regarding VL from illicit drugs and opioids. Conclusion: Practitioners who see patients for sudden or rapidly progressive HL or VL with no apparent cause should inquire about misuse of illicit drugs and opioids, particularly when the HL does not respond to steroid treatment.

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The Effects of Substance Misuse on Auditory and Vestibular Function: A Systematic Review

Chiao,

Hughes,

Karimuddanahalli Premkumar

et al. 2023

Ear &Amp; Hearing

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Background: Chronic substance misuse is an ongoing and significant public health concern. Among a myriad of health complications that can occur, substance misuse potentially causes ototoxic effects. Case reports, retrospective chart data, and a few cohort studies suggest that certain prescription opioids and illicit drugs can have either temporary or permanent effects on auditory and/or vestibular function. Given the steady rise of people with a substance-use disorder (SUD), it is of growing importance that audiologists and otolaryngologists have an insight into the potential ototoxic effects of substance misuse. Objectives: A systematic review was conducted to (1) synthesize the literature on the illicit drugs, prescription opioids, and alcohol misuse on the auditory and vestibular systems, (2) highlight common hearing and vestibular impairments for each substance class, and (3) discuss the limitations of the literature, the potential mechanisms, and clinical implications for clinicians who may encounter patients with hearing or vestibular loss related to substance misuse, and describe opportunities for further study. Design: Systematic searches were performed via PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and the final updated search was conducted through March 30, 2022. Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles, regardless of study design, from inception until the present that included adults with chronic substance misuse and hearing and/or vestibular complaints. Articles that focused on the acute effects of substances in healthy people, ototoxicity from already known ototoxic medications, the relationship between hearing loss and development of a SUD, articles not available in English, animal work, and duplicates were excluded. Information on the population (adults), outcomes (hearing and/or vestibular data results), and study design (e.g., case report, cohort) were extracted. A meta-analysis could not be performed because more than 60% of the studies were single-case reports or small cohort. Results: The full text of 67 studies that met the eligibility criteria were selected for the review. Overall, 21 studies reported associations between HL/VL related to illicit drug misuse, 28 studies reported HL/VL from prescription opioids, and 20 studies reported HL/VL related to chronic alcohol misuse (2 studies spanned more than one category). Synthesis of the findings suggested that the misuse and/or overdose of amphetamines and cocaine was associated with sudden, bilateral, and temporary HL, whereas HL from the combination of a stimulant and an opioid often presented with greater HL in the mid-frequency range. Reports of temporary vertigo or imbalance were mainly associated with illicit drugs. HL associated with misuse of prescription opioids was typically sudden or rapidly progressive, bilateral, moderately severe to profound, and in almost all cases permanent. The misuse of prescription opioids occasionally resulted in peripheral VL, especially when the opioid misuse was long term. Chronic alcohol misuse tended to associate with high-frequency sudden or progressive sensorineural hearing loss, or retrocochlear dysfunction, and a high occurrence of central vestibular dysfunction and imbalance. Conclusions: Overall, chronic substance misuse associates with potential ototoxic effects, resulting in temporary or permanent hearing and/or vestibular dysfunction. However, there are notable limitations to the evidence from the extant literature including a lack of objective test measures used to describe hearing or vestibular effects associated with substance misuse, small study sample sizes, reliance on case studies, lack of controlling for confounders related to health, age, sex, and other substance-use factors. Future large-scale studies with prospective study designs are needed to further ascertain the role and risk factors of substance misuse on auditory and vestibular function and to further clinical management practices.

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Static posturography in addicted to illicit drugs and alcohol

Abstract: The balance control of individuals addicted to illicit drugs with or without alcohol abuse could present stability threshold, sway velocity and ellipse area abnormalities in static posturography.

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Postural Control of People in treatment for substance use disorder

Postural Control of People in treatment for substance use disorder

Hearing and Vestibular Loss with Misuse of Opioids and Illicit Drugs: A Review of the Literature

The Effects of Substance Misuse on Auditory and Vestibular Function: A Systematic Review

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