Inflammatory mediators of neuropathic pain

Júnior, José Oswaldo de Oliveira; Portella, Caio Sander Andrade; Cohen, Cláudia Panossian

doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20160045

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 74 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…By evaluating the changes in the production of this cytokine in this study, it would allow clearer understanding of the association of Zer with the inflammatory process that takes place within. 66 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Gopalsamy¹,

Farouk²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2017

JPR

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BackgroundNeuropathic pain is a debilitating condition that severely affects the quality of life for those with this pain condition, and treatment for pain relief is greatly sought-after. Zerumbone (Zer), a sesquiterpene compound isolated from the rhizomes of a Southeast Asian ginger plant, Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Smith. (Zingiberaceae), showed antinociceptive and antiinflammatory properties when previously tested on models of nociception and inflammation.ObjectiveThis study investigated the effects of prophylactic administration of zerumbone on allodynia and hyperalgesia in a mouse model of chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain.MethodsIntraperitoneal administration of Zer (5–50 mg/kg) from day 1 post-surgery was carried out to identify the onset and progression of the pain condition. Responses toward mechanical and cold allodynia, and mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 14 post-surgery. Blood plasma and spinal cord levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 15.ResultsZer (10 and 50 mg/kg) attenuated pain symptoms on all days of behavioral testing without any signs of sedation in the rotarod test. ED50 values for mechanical allodynia, cold allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical hyperalgesia were 9.25, 9.507, 8.289, and 9.801 mg/kg, respectively. Blood plasma and spinal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α but not IL-10 were significantly (p<0.05) suppressed by zer treatment.Discussion and conclusionZer exhibits its antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic properties via reduced sensitization at nociceptor neurons possibly through the suppression of inflammatory mediators. Zer may prove to be a novel and beneficial alternative for the management of neuropathic pain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Gopalsamy¹,

Farouk²,

Mohamad³

et al. 2017

JPR

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“…Foram observados valores médios de pH menores que os relatados para cães [5] Foram observados valores de cortisol maiores que os relatados pela literatura para cães, que variam de 0,25 a 2,3 μg/dL [19]. O aumento do cortisol se deve aos estímulos nociceptivos decorrentes da tração e ligadura dos pedículos ovarianos [9] e à persistência dos efeitos nociceptivos após a remoção do estímulo álgico [14]. Após a dermotomia já haviam níveis elevados de cortisol (3,31 ± 2,34 μg/dL) quando comparado aos valores de referência, apesar de não haver diferença es-tatística.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Continuous Intravenous Anesthesia by Dextroketamine and Detomidine in Bitches Subjected to Ovariohysterectomy and Premedicated with Midazolam and Morphine

Henrique¹,

Pereira²,

Medeiros³

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background:The use of injectable anesthetics to induce and maintain anesthesia has been the subject of extensive research. Ketamine induces dissociative anesthesia, which is characterized by sensory loss, analgesia and amnesia without loss of consciousness. The levorotatory isomer of ketamine is dextroketamine. Detomidine, a potent myorelaxant that acts as a sedative and analgesic, is commonly used on horses but rarely tested in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects promoted by a combination of detomidine and dextroketamine applied via continuous intravenous infusion in bitches premedicated with midazolam and morphine. Materials, Methods & Results:Eight bitches treated at the veterinary hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande were referred for elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE). The animals were premedicated with 0.3 mg/kg of midazolam and 0.1 mg/kg of morphine intramuscular (IM) followed, after 15 min, with 0.02 mg/kg of detomidine IM. Fifteen min after the administration of detomidine, 3.5 mg/kg of dextroketamine was administered intravenously (IV), followed by continuous IV infusion of 14 mg/kg/h of dextroketamine and 30 μg/kg/h of detomidine. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), mean arterial pressure (MAP), myorelaxation and electrocardiogram were recorded before and 15 min after the administration of midazolam and morphine (M0 and M1), 15 min after detomidine (M2), immediately after starting the infusion (M3), at 10 min intervals up to 60 min (M4, M5, M6, M7, M8 and M9) and 30 min after the end of the infusion (M10). Blood gas variables were analyzed at M0, M1, M2, M6, M9 and M10. Analgesia was evaluated by measuring cortisol and glucose levels at M0, three min after dermotomy, three min after clamping the ovarian pedicle, and three min after dermorrhaphy. The quality and duration of recovery were evaluated. HR dropped significantly from M2 to M4 (P < 0.05), with bradycardia recorded at M2; at RR, with bradypnea starting at M2; and at BT from M6 to M10 (P < 0.05), without severe hypothermia. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased significantly from M3 to M7 (P < 0.01). Hypotension was observed at M1. The following were also observed: high amplitude T wave, elevated ST segment, atrioventricular blocks, sinus arrest and premature ventricular complexes. The blood gas variables suggested the presence of respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia. Cortisol levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) after clamping the ovarian pedicle (6.23 ± 3.07 μg/dL) and after dermorrhaphy (6.03 ± 2.24 μg/dL) than the levels at M0 (1.74 ± 1.08 μg/dL). Glucose levels three min after dermorrhaphy (129.46 ± 29.61 mg/dL) were substantially increased (P < 0.05) in comparison to M0 (89.66 ± 7.92 mg/dL). Myorelaxation was significantly higher from M3 to M9 (P < 0.05) than at M0 and M1. The recovery period lasted 302.1 ± 64.9 min. The quality of recovery was considered excellent in two animals, good in four animals and poor in two animals, which sho...

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“…Já a serotonina, também conhecida como 5-hidroxitriptamina (5-HT), é produzida em grânulos plaquetários e sua liberação pelas plaquetas sanguíneas pode ocorrer durante o processo de agregação plaquetária. [27][28]…”

Section: Aminas Vasoativasunclassified

Pathophysiological Aspects of Inflammation and Drug Design: an Updated Overview

Etienne¹,

Viegas²,

Viegas³

2021

Rev. Virtual Quim.

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Inflammation is a natural response of the organism to damage, injury or tissue lesions caused by foreign matter, trauma, infection, immune reactions and tissue necrosis. As being a protection response, inflammation onset and progression involve immune cells, blood vessels and a number of molecular mediators. Once the inflammatory process begins, it is associated to the release of chemical substances, such as cytokines and chemokines (e.g. TNF-α, lipoxynes, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes) and cellular signaling proteins in the tissue environment and migration cells. As a result of a wealth knowledge through decades of research in fields like physiology, pharmacology and molecular biology, since 1980's a more comprehensive vision emerges, recognizing the inflammatory process as a complex result of an interconnected biochemical and cellular events, acting as a driving force associated to many chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's (PD) and Alzheimer's diseases (AD), responsible by severe social-economic impacts in population worldwide. During the last decades, the therapeutics and research of new drugs have been focused on the search and development of lower toxic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, that could act mainly towards the arachidonic acid cascade, more specifically in the inhibition of COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes and modulating the production of prostaglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes. More recently, the urge of more efficient, low toxic and more specific drugs to certain inflammatory conditions has directing the research for the development of novel drugs capable to act towards other inflammatory mediators, such as interleukins, TNF-α, nitric oxide, kinase proteins, PPARs, endocannabinoid system, opioid receptors and proteins related to apoptosis, leading to the discovery of new drug candidates with different mechanisms of action, could also act in multiple inflammatory targets. A inflamação é uma reação natural do organismo a danos, injúria ou lesões teciduais devidas à presença de um corpo estranho, trauma, infecções, reações imunológicas e necrose tecidual. Por ser uma resposta protetora, a instalação e progressão da inflamação envolve células imunes, vasos sanguíneos e uma série de mediadores moleculares. Uma vez iniciado, o processo inflamatório está associado à liberação de substâncias químicas como as citocinas e quimiocinas (e.g. TNF-α, lipoxinas, cininas, prostaglandinas, leucotrienos) e proteínas de sinalização celular no ambiente tecidual e células migratórias. Como resultado de um vasto conhecimento acumulado em áreas como a fisiologia, farmacologia e biologia molecular, a partir da década de 1980 surge uma visão mais abrangente do processo inflamatório, passando a reconhecê-lo como decorrente de uma complexa rede eventos bioquímicos e celulares interconectados, atuando como força motriz associada a várias doenças crônicas, incluindo a obesidade, diabetes, arteriosclerose, câncer e distúrbio...

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Inflammatory mediators of neuropathic pain

Cited by 21 publications

References 74 publications

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Continuous Intravenous Anesthesia by Dextroketamine and Detomidine in Bitches Subjected to Ovariohysterectomy and Premedicated with Midazolam and Morphine

Pathophysiological Aspects of Inflammation and Drug Design: an Updated Overview

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Inflammatory mediators of neuropathic pain

Cited by 21 publications

References 74 publications

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1&beta;, IL-6, and TNF-&alpha; in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1&beta;, IL-6, and TNF-&alpha; in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Continuous Intravenous Anesthesia by Dextroketamine and Detomidine in Bitches Subjected to Ovariohysterectomy and Premedicated with Midazolam and Morphine

Pathophysiological Aspects of Inflammation and Drug Design: an Updated Overview

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Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a mouse model of neuropathic pain

Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of zerumbone via the suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in a mouse model of neuropathic pain