Determination of Parabens in Surface Water from Mogi Guaçu River (São Paulo, Brazil) Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Low Density Solvent and LC-DAD

Galinaro, Carlos Alexandre; Pereira, Fabiana Massarente; Vieira, Eny María

doi:10.5935/0103-5053.20150206

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The maximum concentration of methylparaben in this study was 1.45 µg/L, which was lower than the values reported for Mogi Guaçu River, Sao Paolo, Brazil (8 µg/L) and 79.6 µg/L detected in Colorado River, California, USA (Galinaro et al, 2015). The highest amoxicillin concentration recorded during this study was 0.02 µg/L.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Folarin¹,

Otitoloju²,

Amaeze³

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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The occurrence of acetaminophen, amoxicillin, diclofenac and methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons was investigated by random sampling of the water bodies during rainy and dry seasons. Samples analysis was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. For the two seasons, the mean environmental concentrations of acetaminophen in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons were 0.075 µg/L and 1.233 µg/L respectively. The mean environmental concentration of amoxicillin in Lagos Lagoon was 0.008 µg/L while 0.003 µg/L was the mean value in Ologe Lagoon. Diclofenac occurrence in Lagos Lagoon had a mean value of 0.136 µg/L while 0.519 µg/L was recorded in Ologe Lagoon. The environmental concentration of methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon was 0.453 µg/L while its means concentration in Ologe Lagoon was 0.089 µg/L. From the results, the environmental concentrations of acetaminophen and diclofenac in Ologe Lagoon were higher than their level of occurrence in Lagos Lagoon. However, the levels of occurrence of amoxicillin and methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon were higher than their environmental concentrations in Ologe Lagoon. Methylparaben was the most frequently detected in the water bodies with 87.5% detection frequency. This was followed by diclofenac with 75%. Also, 50% of the water samples analysed contained acetaminophen while amoxicillin had the least (37.5%) frequency of occurrence. The study established that there are active pharmaceuticals compounds and excipients present in the Nigerian aquatic environment which are micropollutants of emerging environmental concerns and of significant ecological risk. Therefore, there is need for environmental regulators to make concerted efforts towards environmental monitoring of this group of pollutants.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 81%

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Folarin¹,

Otitoloju²,

Amaeze³

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management

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“…As the sewage treatment plants in most countries do not have an effective removal of parabens, they can be found in surface water samples at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 52.1 µg L −1 (e.g. Czarczyńska-Goślińska et al, 2017;Galinaro et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Yamamoto et al, 2011) and may cause toxic effects on non-target organisms, representing a threat to aquatic ecosystems functioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of parabens on antioxidant system and oxidative damages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Silva

Serrano

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

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In this study, effects of parabens on antioxidant defenses and oxidative damages in gills and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated. Adult Nile tilapia were exposed to methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and benzylparaben and a mixture of methyl and propylparaben for 6 and 12 days. The biomarkers analyzed were superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), total glutathione (GSH-t) and lipid peroxidation measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Results indicated that exposure to parabens caused biochemical changes in gill and liver cells, which in turn modulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Nile tilapia. SOD, GPx and GR activity significantly increased in gills and liver after exposure to most parabens. CAT activity had little (liver) or no alteration (gills) in this fish species after treatment with parabens. GSH-t content in liver decreased after 6 days of exposure to parabens, but after 12 days, GSH-t levels increased in liver in all treatments, indicating an antioxidant adaptation to exposure to sublethal doses of parabens. Regarding the MDA levels, no alterations were observed in gills compared to control and in liver the MDA content was reduced after 12d of exposure to ethylparaben, butylparaben and paraben mixture, indicating no lipid peroxidation in the analyzed tissues. Our results demonstrate parabens-induced adaptive responses in fish, which were important in the protection against oxidative damages.

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“…Upon exposure to parabens through dermal or oral uptake, parabens can be released from the human body into the environment, followed by metabolism within the organism' s cells, excretion into the urine, and subsequent disposal through the sewage system. To date, the levels of parabens and their metabolites have been measured in the environment [8][9][10][11] , wastewater systems 9,16) , human cells, and urine samples [12][13][14][15] . More specifically, the methyl-and propyl-paraben levels in environmental water were 262 and 25 ng/L in Aichi Japan 9) and 466 and 144 ng/L in Poland 10) , respectively, while higher concentrations were detected in a river in Brazil, with methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-parabens being detected at levels of 8.0, 5.8, 13.1, and 15.1 μg/L, respectively 11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deconjugation Characteristics of Ethylparaben Conjugates in Human Urine by Indirect Liquid Chromatography Tandem-mass Spectrometry

2018

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Summar y An indirect quantitation method based on liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed for the analysis of glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid conjugates of ethylparaben, for which standard reference reagents are not available. This method was then used for determining both the ethylparaben conjugates in human urine. The decay of these two conjugates in urine samples containing β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase appeared to follow the first-order-like reaction kinetics; 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was not produced in the reaction. In addition, a multiple regression (MR) equation was obtained (R 2 adj ＝0.99, P＜0.01) for the increase in ethylparaben concentration and decrease in the peak areas of its glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid conjugates. In the case of methylparaben and its glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid conjugates, a higher P-value was obtained in the MR equation for the glucuronic acid conjugate, owing to the low urinary concentration of methylparaben. Furthermore, this method was applied to determine the concentration of ethylparaben and its two conjugates in urine samples. Following the ingestion of an ethylparaben-containing supplement drink, ~16% of ethylparaben was excreted as a mixture of ethylparaben and its glucuronic acid and sulfuric acid conjugates in the first morning urine of the subject on the following day.

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Determination of Parabens in Surface Water from Mogi Guaçu River (São Paulo, Brazil) Using Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Based on Low Density Solvent and LC-DAD

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Effects of parabens on antioxidant system and oxidative damages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Deconjugation Characteristics of Ethylparaben Conjugates in Human Urine by Indirect Liquid Chromatography Tandem-mass Spectrometry

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