Effects of parabens on antioxidant system and oxidative damages in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Abstract

In this study, effects of parabens on antioxidant defenses and oxidative damages in gills and liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated. Adult Nile tilapia were exposed to methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and benzylparaben and a mixture of methyl and propylparaben for 6 and 12 days. The biomarkers analyzed were superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), total glutathione (GSH-t) and lipid peroxidation measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Results indicated that exposure to parabens caused biochemical changes in gill and liver cells, which in turn modulated enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in Nile tilapia. SOD, GPx and GR activity significantly increased in gills and liver after exposure to most parabens. CAT activity had little (liver) or no alteration (gills) in this fish species after treatment with parabens. GSH-t content in liver decreased after 6 days of exposure to parabens, but after 12 days, GSH-t levels increased in liver in all treatments, indicating an antioxidant adaptation to exposure to sublethal doses of parabens. Regarding the MDA levels, no alterations were observed in gills compared to control and in liver the MDA content was reduced after 12d of exposure to ethylparaben, butylparaben and paraben mixture, indicating no lipid peroxidation in the analyzed tissues. Our results demonstrate parabens-induced adaptive responses in fish, which were important in the protection against oxidative damages.

Behavioural effects of early‐life exposure to parabens in zebrafish larvae

“…Narcosis is characterized by nonspecific disturbance of neuronal membranes integrity and functioning (Sandermann, 2008), which might persist also after the treatment ceased. In support to this interpretation, the narcotic effects of parabens in fish species increased with the lipophilicity of testing compounds (Dobbins et al, 2009; Silva et al, 2018), and BuP is the compound tested in this study with the higher lipophilicity. Interestingly, also EtP 5000 μg/L altered locomotor activity in a familiar environment, but in the opposite direction compared with BuP 500 μg/L; that is, treated larvae were more active than control larvae.…”

Effects of Cadmium Chloride and Glyphosate on Antioxidants as Biochemical Biomarkers in Nile Tilapia

“…CAT activity is little in liver and there was not any alteration in gills. MDA activity had no alterations in gills and reduced in liver compared to control of Nile tilapia exposed to parabens after 12 days [57]. Oxidative stress showed activity reduction of SOD and CAT but significant increasing of MDA in liver tissues of Nile tilapia which exposed to pendimethalin after 28 days [58].…”

Preventive Effect of YGDEY from Tilapia Fish Skin Gelatin Hydrolysates against Alcohol-Induced Damage in HepG2 Cells through ROS-Mediated Signaling Pathways

“…SOD is an important scavenger of intracellular ROS [ 29 ]. GSH is the main antioxidative protector against oxidative stress in the liver and its role in ALD [ 30 ].…”