Occurrence of Acetaminophen, Amoxicillin, Diclofenac and Methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

The occurrence of acetaminophen, amoxicillin, diclofenac and methylparaben in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons was investigated by random sampling of the water bodies during rainy and dry seasons. Samples analysis was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography. For the two seasons, the mean environmental concentrations of acetaminophen in Lagos and Ologe Lagoons were 0.075 µg/L and 1.233 µg/L respectively. The mean environmental concentration of amoxicillin in Lagos Lagoon was 0.008 µg/L while 0.003 µg/L was the mean value in Ologe Lagoon. Diclofenac occurrence in Lagos Lagoon had a mean value of 0.136 µg/L while 0.519 µg/L was recorded in Ologe Lagoon. The environmental concentration of methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon was 0.453 µg/L while its means concentration in Ologe Lagoon was 0.089 µg/L. From the results, the environmental concentrations of acetaminophen and diclofenac in Ologe Lagoon were higher than their level of occurrence in Lagos Lagoon. However, the levels of occurrence of amoxicillin and methylparaben in Lagos Lagoon were higher than their environmental concentrations in Ologe Lagoon. Methylparaben was the most frequently detected in the water bodies with 87.5% detection frequency. This was followed by diclofenac with 75%. Also, 50% of the water samples analysed contained acetaminophen while amoxicillin had the least (37.5%) frequency of occurrence. The study established that there are active pharmaceuticals compounds and excipients present in the Nigerian aquatic environment which are micropollutants of emerging environmental concerns and of significant ecological risk. Therefore, there is need for environmental regulators to make concerted efforts towards environmental monitoring of this group of pollutants.

Vortex-Assisted Dispersive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Solid Phase Extraction of Acetaminophen from Water Samples Prior to HPLC-DAD Determination

“…In the Mexican surface water and influent wastewater, the average ACT concentrations were 354-4460 ng/L and 2330-14,900 ng/L [4]. Concentrations of ACT up to 1233 ng/L were detected in the Nigerian Lagoons [52]. The concentration of ACT in a private wastewater treatment facility and receiving water in Korea were found to be 11,331 ng/L and 1586 ng/L, respectively (Kang et al 2019).…”

Indigenous language newspapers and the digital media conundrum in Africa

“…In the early days, indigenous newspapers were particularly pivotal in the liberation struggle, providing a rallying point for nationalist expressions and defence of the indigenous people’s rights against the colonialists (Folarin and Mohammed, 1996; Olunlade, 2006). The emergence of indigenous language newspapers helped not only to capacitate locals in the printing business but also to birth a crop of journalists and entrepreneurs who went on to affect the society positively.…”

“…Several scholars (Akinfeleye, 1985; Coker, 1968; Daramola 2013; Duyile, 1987; Fasan, 2018; Folarin and Mohammed, 1996; Omoloso and Abdulrauf-Salau, 2014; Salawu, 2006, 2012) have documented the history and evolution of the indigenous language press. There is a consensus that the evolution of indigenous newspapers is intricately “interwoven with the history of the Christian religion” (Sobowale, 1985: 27) and the concerted efforts by the missionaries to not only educate their new African converts (Okpalike and Nwadialor, 2015) but also get the converted to read “and to beget the habit of seeking information by reading” (Daramola, 2013).…”

“…Other studies have examined the contributions and potential roles of indigenous newspapers (Buthelezi, 2016; Onyenankeya and Salawu, 2018, 2019; Oyesomi et al, 2020;. wa Mberia, 2015), the business models of indigenous newspapers (Salawu, 2006 Salawu, 2006, 2012, (2013), and ubiquitous challenges of indigenous publishing (Adedayo, 2006; Daramola, 2013; Folarin and Mohammed, 1996; Kperogi, 2006; Onyenankeya and Salawu, 2019; Oyesomi, Onyenankeya and Onyenankeya (in press); Salawu, 2006; Sunday et al, 2018; Tanjong and Muluh, 2006; Vinck, 2006; Yusuff and Osunnuga 2018). However, very few studies have examined the challenge of digitalisation on the production and consumption of indigenous newspapers.…”

Elimination of Amoxicillin from Hospital Wastewater Using the Cold Plasma Technique

“…AM is classified as one of the pharmaceutical contaminants with emerging concern due to its persistence, bioaccumulation, and possible transfer to living organisms [5]. Approximately 0.2 µg/L of AM has been detected in surface water and wastewater [6]. González-Pérez et al (2016) [7] have reported that AM is highly toxic to tropical freshwater Daphnia species (LC 50 = 0.25 mg/L).…”