Análise espacial e temporal dos casos de aids no Brasil em 1996-2011: áreas de risco aumentado ao longo do tempo *

Sousa, Artur Iuri Alves de; Júnior, Vitor Laerte Pinto

doi:10.5123/s1679-49742016000300003

Cited by 30 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Thus, this pattern of occurrence of the HIV infection along with the urbanization of VL provided the geographical juxtaposition of both diseases 4 , 30 . In Rondonópolis , this co-occurrence may have been enhanced because this city is a hub of regional entrenchment with accelerated demographic and socioeconomic flow 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality

Luz

Naves

Carvalho

et al. 2018

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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The Brazilian municipality of Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State, represents an important visceral leishmaniasis (VL) endemic area. This study described epidemiological and clinical aspects of the occurrence, VL/HIV coinfection and lethality related to VL in Rondonópolis. Data from autochthonous cases reported between 2011 and 2016 were obtained from official information systems. During this period, 81 autochthonous cases were reported, with decreasing incidence through 2016. Contrastingly, the lethality rate was 8.6% overall, but varied widely, reaching a peak (20%) in 2016. Almost 10% of patients had VL/HIVcoinfection. The occurrence of VL prevailed among men (56.8%), brown-skinned (49.4%), urban residents (92.6%), aged 0-4 years (33.3%). Housewives or retired (29.6%) were the most affected occupational groups. Lower age was the main difference among the total VL cases and those who were coinfected or died. Clinically, fever, weakness and splenomegaly were more frequent among all VL cases and VL/HIV coinfected individuals. Bacterial infections (p=0.001) and bleeding (p<0.001) were associated with death due to VL. Pentavalent antimonial and liposomal amphotericin B were the first choices for treatment among all VL cases (71.6%) and those who died (71.4%), respectively. VL/HIV patients were equally treated with both drugs. These findings may support control measures and demonstrate the need for further investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality

Luz

Naves

Carvalho

et al. 2018

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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“…The SINAN is the most important system for AIDS survailance 20 . However, some limitations, such as poor linkage with other database system and data surveillance focused in general population, in spite of key-population 21 , are associated with SINAN data analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How many AIDS epidemics can occur in São Paulo city?

2018

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OBJECTIVE An ecological study describring the spatial characteristics of AIDS in São Paulo city between 2001 and 2010 according to the place of residence of reported cases in adults.METHODS The AIDS reported cases (28,146), grouped by sex, were geocodified (25,969) and linked with a census tract database (18,953). Case and population at risk data supplied spatial cluster identification and relative risk estimate by the scan method, using the discrete Poisson model. Incidence rate and proportional distribution allowed comparing people living in the high-risk clusters areas to other locations by age, race/ethnicity, schooling and transmission category.RESULTS The AIDS incidence rate decreased in both sexes except among young men and older people. The identification of spatial high-risk clusters showed that the decrease of AIDS did not occur in the same way in the city. Clusters located in the central area presented the highest AIDS incidence rates (245.7/100,000 men), especially among black women (RR = 7.9), men who have sex with men (66.2%) and injection drug users (10.7%) participation. In peripheral clusters, identified only in the female population, the epidemic can be related to the poverty of these women (22.5% low education level). Residents in the north and central-south areas of the city are generally black, with little schooling, and predominantly heterosexually infected.CONCLUSIONS The study of spatial clusters using a census tract helps to determine epidemiological patterns inside the city and in specific populations. Spatial stratification and key population epidemiological patterns were identified in four regions in São Paulo city.

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“…Indeed, though the epidemic is classified as stable at the national level, with prevalence of 0.4% in the general population [ 2 ], HIV prevalence is significantly higher in these key populations [ 2 ]. Moreover, prevalence varies geographically with a marked spatial–temporal expansion of the HIV epidemic from the major cities of the Southeast to the other regions [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation and validation of the Short HIV Stigma scale in Brazilian Portuguese

Luz

Torres

Almeida-Brasil

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background HIV-related stigma, or the degree to which people living with HIV endorse negative stereotypes associated with HIV, is associated with poor continuum of care outcomes. We translated the 12-item Short HIV Stigma scale and evaluated its psychometric properties in a Brazilian context with regard to construct validity and reliability. Methods The first step included translation, back-translation, evaluation, peer review, and pre-testing of the Short HIV Sigma scale developed by Reinius et al. (Health Qual Life Outcomes 15(1):115, 2017). The second step involved piloting the scale in three convenience samples of adults recruited online through advertisements on different platforms: Grindr (October/2019) and Hornet (February–March/2020), geospatial network apps for sexual encounters for gay, bisexuals and other men who have sex with men, and social media apps (Facebook and WhatsApp, October/2019). The psychometric evaluation included confirmatory factor analysis, differential item functioning using the Multiple-Indicator Multiple-Cause model, and correlations between subscale scores and antiretroviral treatment use and adherence. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and ordinal alpha and omega from the polychoric correlation matrix. Results In total, 114, 164, and 1824 participants completed the measure items through Grindr, social media, and Hornet, respectively. We confirmed a 4-factor structure with factors for personalized stigma (3 items), disclosure concerns (3 items), concerns with public attitudes (3 items), and negative self-image (3 items). Small differential item functioning with respect to sample was found for one item (“I feel guilty because I have HIV”), which did not substantively influence estimates of latent factor scores. Grindr and Hornet’s participants scored significantly higher than social media participants on all factors except personalized stigma. Higher subscale scores correlated with antiretroviral treatment use among participants from Hornet and with lower treatment adherence in participants from Grindr and Hornet. Reliability as measured by Cronbach’s alpha, ordinal alpha and omega were 0.83, 0.88 and 0.93 for the entire scale. Discussion The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Short HIV Stigma scale had satisfactory psychometric properties with present results suggesting that scores from different samples may be compared without concern that measurement differences substantively influence results though further studies with greater representation of women and heterosexual men are warranted.

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Análise espacial e temporal dos casos de aids no Brasil em 1996-2011: áreas de risco aumentado ao longo do tempo *

Abstract: overall, AIDS incidence in Brazil showed successive increases in the periods analyzed; case prevalence indicates spatial clusters, with high concentrations in the Southeast, South and Midwest regions.

Cited by 30 publications

References 1 publication

Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality

Visceral leishmaniasis in a Brazilian endemic area: an overview of occurrence, HIV coinfection and lethality

How many AIDS epidemics can occur in São Paulo city?

Translation and validation of the Short HIV Stigma scale in Brazilian Portuguese

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