InfecÇão crônica por Toxoplasma gondii induzindo hipertrofia de neurônios do plexo mientérico do cólon descendente de Rattus norvegicus

Soares, J. F; Moreira, Neide Martins; Silva, Aristeu Vieira da; Sant’Ana, Débora de Mello Gonçales; Araújo, Eduardo José de Almeida

doi:10.4322/rbpv.01802013

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Decrease of the myenteric neuron population in the duodenum of birds infected with oocysts of a genotype III strain of T. gondii was also described by Bonapaz. Contrary to the result found for the small gastric curvature, no significant change in the neuronal density between the groups was observed for the large gastric curvature of the glandular stomach. This finding is similar to that found for other segments of the intestine of rats infected with T. gondii, such as: duodenum (Papazian-Cabañas), terminal ileum, descending colon (Soares et al;Sugauara et al, 2008;Sugauara et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Toxoplasma gondii Induces Death of Gastric Myenteric Neurons in Rats

Alves¹,

Silva²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2011

Int. J. Morphol.

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SUMMARY:The aim of the study was quantifying and morphologically analyzing the myenteric neurons of the small and large gastric curvatures of the glandular stomach of rats infected the tachyzoites of the Toxoplasma gondii for 30 days. Ten male rats were assigned into two groups: Control Group (CG) and Experimental Group (EG). The animals from the CG received saline solution orally whereas the EG animals received 104 tachyzoites of the T. gondii genotype III strain (BTU II). After 30 days, euthanasia was conducted for the removal of the stomach, which was dissected under the stereomicroscope for removal of the tunica mucosa and the tela submucosa. Whole mounts were stained with Giemsa. Quantification of the myenteric neurons was conducted by using a 40X-objective microscope in 40 microscopic fields for the region of the small gastric curvature and 40 fields for the large gastric curvature of the glandular stomach of the animals from both groups. The cell body of 50 myenteric neurons from each region was measured for each animal. Chronic experimental infection caused by the genotype III strain of Toxoplasma gondii was verified to reduce myenteric neuron density only in the small gastric curvature region of the glandular stomach, not resulting in significant changes in the size of the neurons.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Despite the lack of cysts inside the enteric neurons, the myenteric plexus has been described as a tissue subject to changes induced by the infection with T. gondii (Bonapaz, 2009;Odorizzi, 2009;Papazian-Cabañas, 2008;Soares et al, 2009;Sugauara et al, 2008Sugauara et al, , 2009Torres).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii Induces Death of Gastric Myenteric Neurons in Rats

Alves¹,

Silva²,

Bianchi³

et al. 2011

Int. J. Morphol.

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“…This may be one of the reasons why the number of enteric neurons in the present study was preserved. Although plastic responses induced by T. gondii in myenteric neurons have already been described (Sugauara et al 2008, Barbosa et al 2009, Soares et al 2009, Odorizzi et al 2010, Pereira et al 2010), our results demonstrate that these cells did not undergo significant changes, suggesting that duodenal myenteric neurons are more resistant to infection or are less accessible to pathogens. Therefore, in order to prove this hypothesis further studies using different strains and techniques and studies upon the cells involved in this process are necessary.…”

contrasting

confidence: 34%

“…Alterations were not detected in quantitative analysis of myenteric neurons. Other studies of this same research group also demonstrated that the number of myenteric neurons remains constant in rats infected with T. gondii, no matter the duration of the infection, the strain used or the organ studied (Sugauara et al 2008, Barbosa et al 2009, Soares et al 2009, Pereira et al 2010. On other hand, in a parallel study during the chronic phase of the toxoplasmic infection, R.P.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Myenteric neuronal plasticity induced by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III) on the duodenum of rats

Papazian-Cabanas

Araújo

Silva

et al. 2012

An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.

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The effects of acute and chronic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii on duodenal myenteric neurons were analyzed. Eighteen rats were assigned into four groups: Acute Control Group (ACG, n=4); Acute Experimental Group (AEG, n=4); Chronic Control Group (CCG, n=5); and Chronic Experimental Group (CEG, n=5). Rats from the AEG and CEG were inoculated orally with 105 genotype III (BTU-II strain) tachyzoites of T. gondii isolated from a dog with neurological signs. Acute groups were killed after 24 hours after the inoculation and the chronic groups after 30 days. Whole-mount from the duodenum were stained with Giemsa. The population density of myenteric neurons, as well the body cell, nuclear and cytoplasmic area were analyzed. Both acute and chronic toxoplasmic infection did not provoke neuronal loss. On the other hand, plastic alterations were observed: decreasing of the nuclear and cytoplasmic area during the acute phase and neuronal hypertrophy during the chronic phase.

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“…Sugauara et al (2008) found that rats infected with a Brazilian strain of T. gondii, BTU-II (genotype III), for 30 days exhibited myenteric neuron hypertrophy of the colon. Another study, which involved genotype I tachyzoites (BTU-IV strain), found an increase of cytoplasm in this neuronal population (SOARES et al, 2009). However, neither of the two aforementioned studies reported quantitative changes, and there are no reports of studies with the ME49 strain or any other of genotype II.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

Ferezin

Vicentino-Vieira

Góis

et al. 2017

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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Toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is an important health problem, especially in immunocompromised hosts. T. gondii uses the gut wall as an infection gateway, with tropism for muscular and nervous tissues causing intestinal alterations, including some in the enteric nervous system. This study aims at investigating the colon of rats infected by T. gondii in order to understand how the amount of oocysts influences in myenteric neuronal changes. Sixty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into six groups. One group remained as a control and the others received inocula of 10, 50, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts of T. gondii. The animals were euthanized after 30 days of infection. The total neuronal population and the nitrergic subpopulation in the colon myenteric plexus of each animal was counted. The data were statistically analyzed showing less weight gain in rats with 10, 500 and 5,000 oocysts. A decrease in the number of total neurons with 50, 100 or 5,000 oocysts and an increase in the nitrergic population with 10, 100, 500 or 5,000 oocysts were verified. These results show that neuronal alterations are more significant when the infection is induced by larger inocula and reinforces the suspicion that neuronal loss is directed at cholinergic neurons.Keywords: Enteric nervous system, myenteric plexus, ascending colon, toxoplasmosis. ResumoA toxoplasmose, doença causada pelo Toxoplasma gondii, é um importante problema de saúde, principalmente em imunocomprometidos. T. gondii utiliza a parede do intestino como porta de entrada no hospedeiro e tem tropismo pelos tecidos muscular e nervoso provocando alterações intestinais, inclusive no sistema nervoso entérico. Este estudo buscou analisar o cólon de ratos infectados por T. gondii para entender como a quantidade de oocistos influencia nas alterações neuronais mientéricas. Foram utilizados 60 ratos Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) em seis grupos. Um dos grupos permaneceu como controle e os demais receberam inóculos de 10, 50, 100, 500 ou 5.000 oocistos de T. gondii. Os animais foram submetidos a eutanásia após 30 dias de infecção. No plexo mientérico do cólon dos animais foram quantificadas a população neuronal total e a subpopulação nitrérgica. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente demonstrando inferior ganho de peso nos ratos com 10, 500 e 5.000 oocistos. Verificamos diminuição no número de neurônios totais com inóculos de 50, 100 ou 5.000 oocistos e aumento da população nitrérgica com 10, 100, 500 ou 5000 oocistos. Estes resultados mostram que alterações neuronais são mais significativas quando a infecção é induzida por inóculos maiores e reforça a suspeita de perda neuronal direcionada a neurônios colinérgicos.Palavras-chave: Sistema nervoso entérico, plexo mientérico, cólon ascendente, toxoplasmose.

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InfecÇão crônica por Toxoplasma gondii induzindo hipertrofia de neurônios do plexo mientérico do cólon descendente de Rattus norvegicus

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Toxoplasma gondii Induces Death of Gastric Myenteric Neurons in Rats

Toxoplasma gondii Induces Death of Gastric Myenteric Neurons in Rats

Myenteric neuronal plasticity induced by Toxoplasma gondii (genotype III) on the duodenum of rats

Different inoculum loads of Toxoplasma gondii induce reduction of myenteric neurons of the rat colon

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