Estimation of corrosive and scaling trend in drinking water systems in the city of Azogues, Ecuador

García-Ávila, Fernando; Fernández, Lía Ramos; Zhindón-Arévalo, César

doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2237

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The average chlorine initial dose in the water distribution network of the study area was 0.69 mg/L, which is small since the upper limit of the Ecuadorian standard is 1.5 mg/L [20] , but it is higher than the limit of WHO that suggests 0.5 mg/L [21] . The water quality parameters in this study area have values within the limits of the WHO standards [21] , with an average turbidity of 0.51 NTU, which means that this water has a good quality [22] .…”

Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between chlorine decay and temperature in the drinking water

et al. 2020

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The bulk chlorine decay rate in drinking water supply systems depend on many factors, including temperature. In this document, the method to determine the order of reaction of chlorine with water is reported, as well as the method to estimate Kb (Bulk reaction rate constant). Experiments were carried out to determine the bulk chlorine decay, for which a set of water samples to determine the free residual chlorine every hour were analyzed. Chlorine concentrations were graphed against time and adjusted appropriately to the developed model. The experimental results showed that the average value of the mass decomposition rate was 0.15 h −1 . It was shown that temperature affects the variation of the reaction rate of chlorine with water, Kb increases as temperature increases. In this manuscript it is reported: The method that allows determining the reaction kinetic order of chlorine with drinking water. The method that can help residual chlorine modelers in the correct definition of the bulk reaction rate constant. The effectiveness of the method for evaluating the decomposition of residual chlorine in drinking water distribution networks as a function of temperature.

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Section: Methods Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between chlorine decay and temperature in the drinking water

et al. 2020

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“…The coupons were placed in the coupon racks from the month of April, removing the coupons in July corresponding to the 90 days. According to García et al (2018) [46] in the month of July decreases the levels of certain parameters such as pH, alkalinity, hardness, which increases corrosion. Therefore, the increase in corrosion rate at 90 days compared to 60 days is due to the water quality conditions mentioned above [46].…”

Section: Effect Of Chlorine On the Corrosion Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

“…According to García et al (2018) [46] in the month of July decreases the levels of certain parameters such as pH, alkalinity, hardness, which increases corrosion. Therefore, the increase in corrosion rate at 90 days compared to 60 days is due to the water quality conditions mentioned above [46]. Additionally, it should be mentioned that the concentration of residual chlorine in the domicile was an average value (0.37 mg/L), presenting Cl 2 values slightly above average during the third month of the trial.…”

Section: Effect Of Chlorine On the Corrosion Ratementioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of Residual Chlorine on Copper Pipes in Drinking Water Systems

García-Ávila¹,

Pino²,

Bonifaz-Barba³

et al. 2019

JESTR

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Copper pipes corrosion that transport potable water can deteriorate water quality within a distribution system, releasing high copper amounts, exceeding the maximum concentration copper for potable water standards. This study examines the influence of free chlorine on the leaching of copper in the pipes used for the distribution of drinking water. A series of tests was carried out using corrosion test coupons extractable constructed of copper material. The coupons were installed in units containing filtered water (without chlorine, 0 mg/L) and water treated with an average residual chlorine concentration of 0.85 mg/L in the water treatment plant in Azogues city, Ecuador. A corrosion test rack was also installed in a house with an average residual chlorine concentration of 0.37 mg/L. Coupons in these sites were exposed in duplicate for one, two, three and six months. The corrosion coupons were then extracted and weighed to establish the corrosion rate by gravimetric technique. Additional tests were performed in static immersion laboratory tests using drinking water with chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 5 mg/L for one month. The weight loss tests indicated that an increase in free chlorine concentration, the greater release of copper and therefore a higher corrosion rate.

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“…Scaling-corrosion potential of TWW was achieved in order to evaluate the aggressive and incrustation trends of TWW during the storage period at a constant temperature (Table 2). They include Ryznar stability index (RSI), Langelier saturation index (LSI), the Puckorius scaling index (PSI) and aggressiveness index (AI) defined using the corresponding Equations ( 1)-( 9) and Table 1 (Hoseinzadeh et al 2013;García-Ávila et al 2018) as follow: where:…”

Section: Physico-chemical Water Analysis During Storage Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the application of cladode cactus mucilage flocculants for hot chemical degreasing electroplating wastewater treatment and reuse: process efficiency and storage stability

Riahi

Chaabane

Ammeri

et al. 2022

Water Science and Technology

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Pressures related to urban growth and industrial activities exacerbated by climate change had an impact on water resources in Tunisia. The present study examines the application of cladode cactus mucilage (CCM) flocculants for hot alkaline chemical degreasing Zn-electroplating wastewater treatment and reuse (WWTR). The CCM flocculation process was selected through their environmental benefits, economic facilities, sustainable use of the natural biopolymer product, input biopolymers substitution, and on-site treated wastewater (TWW) reuse and recovery. The alum coagulation and CCM flocculation were performed by the jar test series. The suitability of treated wastewater quality (TWWQ) with alum/CCM was also assessed for reuse purpose in terms of corrosion-scaling indices (RSI, LSI, PSI, AI), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and microbiological community growth (Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Mesophilic bacteria and yeasts) for 28 days storage at 25 °C. The total alkalinity removal efficiency reached 95.8% with an optimum dosage of alum + CCM for hot alkaline chemical degreasing wastewater bath rinsing. The results showed that the stability of TWWQ has significantly deteriorated during storage leading to aggressive wastewater, pathogen growth, and biological malodor production which make them unsuitable for reuse. Therefore, there is a need for CCM processing alternatives that preserve the physico-chemical and microbial of TWW properties during storage.

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Estimation of corrosive and scaling trend in drinking water systems in the city of Azogues, Ecuador

Cited by 12 publications

References 21 publications

Relationship between chlorine decay and temperature in the drinking water

Relationship between chlorine decay and temperature in the drinking water

Effect of Residual Chlorine on Copper Pipes in Drinking Water Systems

Assessment of the application of cladode cactus mucilage flocculants for hot chemical degreasing electroplating wastewater treatment and reuse: process efficiency and storage stability

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