Discrimination of maize inbreds for kernel quality traits and fatty acid composition by a multivariate technique

Abstract

ABSTRACT. Quality is considered to be mainly related to protein and oil concentration in maize kernel. Great effort has been made through the elevation of oil and protein concentrations; however, studies to enhance the composition quality of oil have been limited. Maize genotypes with special fatty acid composition may confer different end uses and added value. We investigated eight maize inbreds for kernel quality and fatty acid composition. Kernel samples from a two-year experiment were analyzed for oil, protein, moisture and ash, as well as several fatty acids, including oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. Results indicated differences among the genotypes for all traits, except for behenic acid. A680 appeared to be a promising parent to elevate oleic acid, while N194 and RSSSC were the genotypes with the highest oil and protein levels, respectively. A new statistical approach, Canonical Discriminant Analysis with Hypothesis-Error plot technique was utilized to evaluate the data. It showed a good level of agreement with linear tests, and show similar results with those of multi comparison test. With the easily understandable graphical outputs that can interpret the interaction of variables and cases, it offers a good alternative way in analyzing data.Keywords: Zea mays, oil, protein, multivariate analysis. RESUMO. Análise de linhagens de milho quanto às características de qualidade da semente e à composição de ácidos graxos por uma técnica multivariada. Considerase que a qualidade está relacionada principalmente com a concentração de proteínas e de óleos na semente de milho. Grandes esforços foram feitos para elevar as concentrações de óleos e de proteínas; no entanto, os estudos para realçar a qualidade da composição do óleo têm sido limitados. Os genótipos de milho com composição especial de ácidos graxo podem conferir diferentes utilizações finais e maior valor. Foram investigados oito linhagens de milho quanto à qualidade da semente e à composição de ácidos graxos. As amostras de sementes de um ensaio de dois anos foram analisadas quanto aos teores de óleos, proteínas, umidade e cinza, assim como diversos ácidos, incluindo oleico, linoleico e linolênico. Os resultados indicaram diferenças entre os genótipos para todas as linhagens, com exceção do ácido behênico. O A680 pareceu ser promissor para elevar os níveis de ácido oleico, enquanto o N194 e o RSSSC foram as linhagens com os níveis mais elevados de óleos e de proteínas. Uma nova abordagem estatística, a Análise Discriminante Canônica com a técnica de Hipótese-Erro, foi utilizada para avaliar os dados. Esta indicou bom nível de concordância com os testes lineares, e mostra resultados semelhantes aos do teste de comparação múltipla. Os resultados gráficos são fáceis de interpretar e constitui boa alternativa para análise dos dados. Palavras-chave:Zea mays, óleos, proteínas, análise multivariada.

Comparison of graphical analyses for maize genetic experiments: Application of biplots and polar plot to line × tester design

“…Thus, this method has commonly been used to evaluate combining abilities in maize breeding experiments in recent years (Mostavi et al, 2012;Badu-Apraku et al, 2013;Ruswandi et al, 2015). Additionally, the canonical discriminant analysis with yypothesis error (CDA-HE) plot has also been used to evaluate genotypes in breeding experiments for investigated traits (Egesel et al, 2011). Polar plot is a new method for heterosis analysis and gene action analysis (Lisec et al, 2011).…”

Investigation of heavy metal mobility and availability by the BCR sequential extraction procedure: relationship between soil properties and heavy metals availability

“…Turkey produces 2,200,000 tonnes annually of grain corn from about 575,000 ha of land (DaÈdelen et al, 2006). The food quality of corn products is directly related to the grain quality of the plant (Egesel et al, 2011).…”

Biochemical evaluation of dent corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes cultivated under rainfed conditions in the hills of north western Indian Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir

“…The typical maize kernel, on dry weight basis is composed of 61-78% of starch, 6-12% of proteins, 3.1-5.7% of oil, 1.0-3.0% of sugar and 1.1-3.9% of ash (Watson, 2003). In five different and recent studies on maize genotypes across the world protein content has been found to vary between 9.4-13%, 11.02-13.02%, 11.02-15.31%, 8.05-11.43% and 6.27-8.06%, while oil content has been found to vary between 3.32-4.70%, 2.56-5.57%, 4.39-9.71%, 3.80-5.02% and 2.7-5.2% respectively (Egesel et al, 2011, Aliu et al, 2012, Sanjeev et al, 2014, Scrob et al, 2014, Chibuike et al, 2015. In India, higher contents of oil (9.71%) and protein (15.31%) have been observed in sweet corn samples and attributed to shriveled grain texture because of an (Sanjeev et al, 2014) which is in consonance with our study.…”