In this study, surface soil and corn cob samples were collected from 15 different agricultural fields of Çanakkale, Turkey. These samples were analysed to determine the concentration of Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. BCR sequential extraction was used to extract the binding forms of the metals in the soil samples. At the same time, a wet digestion method was used to determine the total concentration of heavy metals in soil and corn grain samples. The metal concentrations in the extracted phase were measured with flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The accuracy of the methods was confirmed by using BCR-701 and SRM1570a certified reference materials. The results revealed that the quantity of the mobile fractions (i.e., acid soluble, reducible, and oxidisable) of the Mn, Cd and Pb were higher than that of the immobile fractions (residual). This might be caused by the anthropogenic sources. Pearson's correlation was applied to determine the correlations between the selected physicochemical properties of soil samples and the amounts of heavy metals in each fraction. The pH, CaCO 3 and organic matter contents of soil samples played a dominant role in correlations of heavy metals in various forms and shapes. Hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to examine the relationships between the amount of heavy metal in each fraction of soil samples and the amount of heavy metal in corn grain. As a result, a firm correlation was detected between heavy metals in corn grain and more available (acid soluble and reducible) fractions. Current findings indicate that plants could uptake basically the heavy metals in acid soluble and reducible fractions. BCR sequential extraction not only provides information about potential heavy metal sources in detail and the potential mobility of heavy metals, but also provides information about the interactions between soil characteristics and metal fractions. This provides information on the bonding states of environmentally toxic metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the soil matrix, the amounts taken by the plants, and the intrusion means and rates of those metals into the food chain.
This study was carried out in the district of Lapseki in Çanakkale, Turkey. The suitability of land in Lapseki for agriculture was evaluated by using an analytic hierarchy process. In the study, the basic parameters were determined by using the soil map and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. Land use capability classes, soil depth, erosion risk and other soil properties (limiting factors) were obtained from the soil map, while slope, elevation and aspect were obtained from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission data. To determine the weight of the parameters in the analytic hierarchy process, the opinions of the public institutions and experts were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed with the analytic hierarchy process and mapped with geographic information systems techniques, and a land suitability map was generated. The agricultural land suitability map demonstrated that 2.95% (2557 ha) of the lands in the study area were highly suitable; 10.37% (8989 ha) were moderately suitable; 53.47% (46,336 ha) were marginally suitable; and 33.21% (28,775 ha) were not suitable for agricultural use. The data from the agricultural land suitability map were compared with the Coordination of Information on the Environment 2012 data. As a result of comparison, 14.12% (361 ha) of highly suitable lands for agriculture and 2.25% (202 ha) of moderate suitable lands for agriculture are urbanized. It was seen that 45.71% (24,837 ha) of the lands that are marginally suitable for agriculture and 18.76% (5397 ha) of the not suitable lands had current land use for agriculture.
Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul öğrencilerinin STEM'e yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek amacıyla Friday Eğitimde Yenilikçilik Enstitüsü (2012) tarafından geliştirilen STEM'e yönelik tutum ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanarak geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışmasını yapmaktır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, 2017-2018 eğitim öğretim yılı güz döneminde Türkiye'nin farklı coğrafi bölgesinde yer alan 3 büyükşehrin merkez ilçesine bağlı ortaokulların 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarında öğrenim görmekte olan öğrencilerden kolay ulaşılabilir durum örneklemesi ile seçilmiştir (n= 1323). Ölçeğin orijinali 37 maddeden oluşmakta olup 5'li likert tipinde düzenlenmiştir. Uyarlanan ölçekten elde edilen veriler, orijinal ölçeğin dört faktörlü yapısına uygunluğunun incelenmesi için Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi'ne (DFA) tabi tutulmuştur. DFA sonucu orijinal faktör yapısının korunduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliği, ölçeğin tamamı ve faktörleri için iç tutarlılık katsayısı ile kontrol edilmiştir. Elde edilen Cronbach Alpha katsayısı ölçeğin tamamı için .91; matematik faktörü için .86; fen faktörü için .87; mühendislik ve teknoloji faktörü için .86; 21. yüzyıl becerileri faktörü için .88 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bu sonuçlara göre STEM'e yönelik tutum ölçeği geçerli ve güvenilir olarak Türkçeye uyarlanmıştır.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.