Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC.)is a potential legume crop of the tropics with high protein and oil content in the seeds. Analysis of the mutual genotypic relationships among twenty four genotypes of P. tetragonolobus through Mantel test found a significant correlation (r = 0.839) between similarity matrices of the results obtained from the use of the RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The UPGMA tree based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient generated from their cumulative data showed two distinct clusters and seven sub-clusters among these accessions. Quantification of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannin revealed the highest percentage of occurrence of kaempferol (1.07 -790.5 μg/g) and the lowest percentage of gallic acid (0.09 -3.49 μg/g) in the seeds. Phytochemical analysis of the winged bean genotypes revealed that, some of the exotic lines are distinct. Analysis of photosynthesis rate, photosynthetic yield and stomatal conductance data also showed two clusters and was in congruence with the phytochemical affinities of the genotypes. The overall high level of polymorphism and varied range of genetic distances across the genotypes revealed a wide range of genetic base of P. tetragonolobus. The present investigation therefore, has provided significant insights for further improvement of winged bean germplasm for its qualitative and quantitative traits.
SUMMARY:One hundred and eleven accessions of linseed germplasm belonging to 32 districts of six states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) in India were characterized for five qualitative and six quantitative traits. Significant variability was observed in the agro-morphological and qualitative traits. The Shannon diversity index varied from 0.23-0.70 and the phenotypic coefficient of variation ranged from 6.0% to 37.1%. IC 345425, an accession from Surgaon, Chandrapur, Maharashtra, was identified as promising for its high oil content (41.5%). The Pearson correlation matrix generated for the quantitative traits indicated that positive and high correlation was observed among days to 50% flowering and days to 80% maturity (0.9; P value <0.0001), plant height and seed weight (0.7; P value <0.0001), seed weight and oil% (0.6; P value <0.0001), seed weight and number of capsules per plant (0.5; P value <0.0001). Two major clusters were formed when the characterization data was subjected to Ward's minimum variance method. DIVA-GIS approaches for the analysis of the diversity in linseed germplasm were mapped for quantitative traits such as plant height, number of capsules per plant and seed oil content.KEYWORDS: DIVA-GIS; Diversity; Flax; Germplasm; India-Linseed RESUMEN: Análisis de la diversidad morfológica y contenido de aceite del germoplasma de linaza india. Ciento once accesiones de germoplasma de semillas de lino pertenecientes a 32 distritos de seis estados de la India (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh y Maharashtra) se caracterizaron mediante cinco determinaciones cualitativas y seis cuantitativas. Se observó una variabilidad significativa tanto en los rasgos cualitativos como cuantitativos. El índice de diversidad de Shannon varió entre 0,23-0,70 y el coeficiente de variación fenotípica varió entre 6,0 y 37,1 %. IC-345425, una accesión a partir Surgaon, Chandrapur, Maharashtra fue identificado como prometedora, por su alto contenido de aceite (41,5 %). La matriz de correlación de Pearson generado para los rasgos cuantitativos indicaron una correlación alta y positiva entre días a 50 % de floración y días a 80 % de maduración (0,9; valor p<0,0001), altura de planta y peso de la semilla (0,7; valor p<0,0001), peso de la semilla y porcentage de aceite (0,6; valor p<0,0001), peso de la semilla y número de cápsulas por planta (0,5; P valor <0,0001). Cuando los datos de caracterización se sometieron al método de la varianza se formaron principalmente dos grupos Se intentaron planteamientos DIVA-GIS para el análisis de la diversidad de germoplasma de linaza que fueron mapeados y fueron asignados a rasgos cuantitativos como la altura de planta, el número de cápsulas por planta y contenido de aceite de las semillas.
Soybean (Glycine max), a multipurpose crop with much appreciated nutritional and functional properties, has generated a lot of interest during last few decades for improving its cultivation and characteristics. Besides having a great potential of energy-protein malnutrition eradication, it can contribute greatly to edible oil pool in the region. This study investigates some agro-morphological characters, besides seed oil content and fatty acid compo- The study has thus, revealed that under dry land conditions, although soybean seed yield/plant is lesser, percentage oil content and fatty acid composition essentially remained unaltered and that significant differences can occur in individual fatty acid contents between genotypes.
Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.], an important crop of East Asia is known for its drought tolerance and was once an indispensible crop of vast rainfed areas in semi-arid regions in India. In India it is cultivated in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and north eastern states. The grain finds use in several local recipes such as roti (bread), jaula, singal, sirol. Foxtail millet grain contains 12.3 % protein, 4.7 % fat, 60.6 % carbohydrates, and 3.2 % ash. The present study was conducted to analyse the genetic diversity among foxtail accessions from different states of India and a few exotic accessions using RAPD and ISSR techniques and identify diverse accessions for use in variety improvement programmes. A set of 125 foxtail millet accessions selected from 11 different agro-ecological regions of India were analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker techniques. A total of 146 (115 RAPD and 31 ISSR) scoreable markers were generated with 16 RAPD and four ISSR primers. The dendrogram generated using Nei's genetic distances and principal component analyses revealed presence of two clusters and two subclusters in group I. The accessions from Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra and Uttarakhand were more diverse since they were distributed in both the clusters. There was no clear geographical differentiation observable. The bootstrap support for the major groups identified was strong (above 80 %) indicating good statistical support. The average value of Nei and Li's genetic distance was lowest (0.081) for accessions from West Bengal while the collections from Karnataka showed highest dissimilarity (average genetic distance = 0.239). The average genetic distance for all 125 accessions together was 0.177 indicating presence of only moderate genetic diversity in the collections. The analysis of molecular variance indicated that only 2.76 % variation was explained by variations among the groups and 11.55 % among populations within groups. However the percentage of variation observed within populations was high (85.68). The value of Fst was observed to be very low (0.028) indicating low differentiation of the accessions analysed. The population genetic analysis carried out indicates that highest number of alleles per locus (1.745 ± 0.438) was observed for Andhra Pradesh with 35 accessions. When four eco-geographic regions were considered, the southern region comprising AP, Karnataka and TN showed the highest number of alleles per locus (1.787 ± 0.411). The value of Gst was lowest for south (0.123) and highest for central west (0.455). This indicated that all the landraces from south share common alleles. The gene flow between the accessions from different regions was also observed to be high with the highest migration (3.557) recorded for south.
Foxtail millet [ (L.) P. Beauv.] is an important small millet, grown as a short duration, drought tolerant crop across the world. This crop can be grown on wide ranges of soil conditions and has an immense potential for food and fodder in rainfed and arid regions of the India. In the present study, 31 primer pairs (27 SSR and 4 EST-SSR) were used to analyse the genetic diversity in 223 core collection accessions. Analysis resulted in detection of a total of 136 alleles with an average of 4.38 alleles per locus. Among these 136 alleles, 22 were rare, 70 were common and 44 were frequent. The PIC value ranged from 0.01 to 0.86 with an average of 0.31. The average number of observed alleles ranged from 2.0 (northern hills of India accessions) to 4.06 (exotic) with an average of 2.72. The mean Shannon's Information Index ranged from 0.44 (northern hills of India) to 0.69 (exotic) with an average of 0.52. Pair-wise Fst values indicated little to moderate genetic differentiation among the group of accessions. UPGMA clustering grouped the accessions into two major groups while analysis for population substructure indicated presence of four subpopulations. However there was no statistically well supported grouping of the accessions based on eco-geographic specificities. The core collection designated here represented substantial genetic diversity at molecular level, hence may be a good source of diversity for use in foxtail improvement programs in the region.
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