Subchronic effects of fluoxetine on conditioned suppression produced by a hot air blast.

Nascimento, Gabriela Souza do; Monteiro, Patrícia Caroline Madeira; Gouvêia, Amauri; Neto, Marcus Bentes de Carvalho

doi:10.3922/j.psns.2012.1.16

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…One of the reasons for this endeavor is that the electric shock is known to produce a series of peculiar physiological reactions, particularly skeletal ones, which may interfere with the analysis of the observed effects (Catania, 1998; Flaherty, 1985). The Hot Air Blast (HAB) is an alternative punishing stimulus that has been successfully researched in aversive contingencies (Carvalho Neto et al, 2005; Carvalho Neto, Maestri, & Menezes, 2007; Carvalho Neto, Neves Filho, Borges, & Tobias, 2007; Maestri, 2008; Nascimento, Monteiro, Gouveia Jr., & Carvalho Neto, 2012; Rodrigues, Nascimento, Cavalcante, & Carvalho Neto, 2008) with reduced effect in general motor activity (i.e., in Nascimento & Carvalho Neto, 2011, conditioned suppression was produced with minimal freezing responses).…”

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Punishment of instrumental and consummatory responses with a hot air blast in rats.

Mayer¹,

Silva²,

Neto³

2015

Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice

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This study investigated the existence of differential suppressive effects of punishing instrumental or consummatory responses by using a Hot Air Blast (HAB) as the punisher. The subjects were 12 male Wistar rats, trained to lever-press for food, allocated to 3 groups. For the Instrumental group (Ins) the lever presses were punished, for the Consummatory Group A (ConA) punishment was contingent on responses to the water dipper, and for Consummatory Group B (ConB) contingent on the water drinking responses. Lever-press suppression was greater for ConA. Suppression in Ins and ConB did not differ. The role of discriminative effects between the punishing and the reinforcing stimuli for the obtained differences are discussed.

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confidence: 99%

Punishment of instrumental and consummatory responses with a hot air blast in rats.

Mayer¹,

Silva²,

Neto³

2015

Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice

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“…Moreover, the persistent disruptive effects of HAB+PSD on instrumental behavior were not observed when the animals were exposed to either stressor individually. However, since all of the evaluated stressors caused great decreases in LR in phase II (data not shown),30,31 we can infer that repeated stress may cause changes related to anxiety and mood disorders (Table 2). We also observed that exposure to HAB replicated the hypoactivity and anxiety observed in several preclinical models of depression and anxiety 32.…”

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confidence: 86%

Behavioral, affective, and cognitive alterations induced by individual and combined environmental stressors in rats

Rabelo‐da‐Ponte

Gomes

Torres

et al. 2019

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective:To evaluate whether exposing rats to individual or combined environmental stressors triggers endophenotypes related to mood and anxiety disorders, and whether this effect depends on the nature of the behavior (i.e., innate or learned).Methods:We conducted a three-phase experimental protocol. In phase I (baseline), animals subjected to mixed schedule of reinforcement were trained to press a lever with a fixed interval of 1 minute and a limited hold of 3 seconds. On the last day of phase I, an open-field test was performed and the animals were divided into four experimental groups (n=8/group). In phase II (repeated stress), each group was exposed to either hot air blast (HAB), paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) or both (HAB+PSD group) on alternate days over a 10-day period. Control group animals were not exposed to stressors. In phase III (post-stress evaluation), behavior was analyzed on the first (short-term effects), third (mid-term effects), and fifth (long-term effects) days after repeated stress.Results:The PSD group presented operant hyperactivity, the HAB group presented spontaneous hypoactivity and anxiety, and the HAB+PSD group presented spontaneous hyperactivity, operant hypoactivity, impulsivity, loss of interest, and cognitive impairment.Conclusion:A combination of environmental stressors (HAB and PSD) may induce endophenotypes related to bipolar disorder.

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“…The HAB has been an effective punisher in both continuous and intermittent schedules (Carvalho Neto et al, 2005;Carvalho Neto, Maestri, & Menezes, 2007;Mayer et al, 2015) and in discriminated punishment (Carvalho Neto, Costa, Barros, Farias, & Rico, 2013). It has also been effective in strengthening escape responses and producing learned helplessness (Maestri, 2008) and conditioned suppression (Nascimento & Carvalho Neto, 2011;Nascimento, Monteiro, Gouveia, & Carvalho Neto, 2012).…”

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A Systematic Replication of Skinner (1938) Using a Hot Air Blast as the Punisher

Mayer¹,

Neto²

2017

REBAC

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UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ, BRASIL RESUMO O presente estudo é uma replicação sistemática do estudo clássico de Skinner (1938) usando um Jato de Ar Quente (JAQ) como punidor. Após o estabelecimento da resposta de pressionar a barra, seis ratos foram submetidos a duas sessões de extinção. Durante os 10 minutos iniciais da primeira sessão de extinção, metade dos sujeitos recebeu um JAQ para cada pressão à barra (punição). Os sujeitos que tiveram suas respostas punidas apresentaram uma supressão parcial dessa classe durante toda primeira sessão de extinção. No entanto, no final da segunda sessão de extinção, o número total de respostas para ambos os grupos (punido e não-punido) foi equivalente. Os presentes dados corroboram os achados de Skinner (1938) de que a punição pode ter efeitos parciais e temporários em determinados contextos. Por fim, discute-se como a eliciação de respostas competitivas, a intensidade e a natureza do estímulo e a duração da exposição à contingência aversiva seriam fatores importantes para explicar os resultados divergentes da literatura.Palavras-chave: punição, replicação, respostas competitivas, supressão, ratos, jato de ar quente ABSTRACT The present study was a systematic replication of the classic study by Skinner (1938) using a hot air blast (HAB) as the punisher. After lever press training, six rats underwent two extinction sessions. During the initial 10 min of extinction in the first session, half of the subjects received a HAB for every lever press (punishment). Subjects that received punishment made fewer lever presses during first extinction session, but the total number of responses in both groups was equivalent by the end of the second extinction session. The present data corroborate the findings of Skinner (1938) that the punishment may have partial and temporary effects in certain contexts. We discuss the ways in which the elicitation of competitive responses, the intensity and nature of the stimulus, and the duration of exposure to the aversive contingency are important factors that may explain the divergent results in the literature.

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Subchronic effects of fluoxetine on conditioned suppression produced by a hot air blast.

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Punishment of instrumental and consummatory responses with a hot air blast in rats.

Punishment of instrumental and consummatory responses with a hot air blast in rats.

Behavioral, affective, and cognitive alterations induced by individual and combined environmental stressors in rats

A Systematic Replication of Skinner (1938) Using a Hot Air Blast as the Punisher

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