Thyroid hormone and central nervous system development

Chan, Shiao-Yng; Kilby,

doi:10.1677/joe.0.1650001

Cited by 180 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…These disorders may have resulted due to structural and functional abnormalities associated with altered prenatal maternal thyroid exposure (8). Animal studies have demonstrated that progeny exposed to altered prenatal thyroid showed aberrations in cell migration coupled with subtle changes in the cytoarchitectonic structure, increasing the risk of impaired brain function (10,56).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid hormone disorders are contributors to the majority of maternal pregnancy-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes (2). Maternal hypothyroidism is strongly associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, reduced head circumference growth in infants and young children, placental abruption, cognitive delay and many other abnormal neurobehavioural problems of exposed offspring (3,4,5,6,7,8). On the other hand, maternal hyperthyroidism is also found to be robustly associated with maternal and foetal adverse events, such as pre-eclampsia, miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review

Fetene

Betts

Alati

2017

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy may lead to persistent neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring appearing in later life. This study aimed to review the available evidence concerning the relationship between maternal thyroid status during pregnancy and offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders. Methods: Systematic electronic database searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, PsycNET, Scopus, Google Scholar and Cochrane library. Studies including gestational thyroid dysfunction as the exposure and offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders as the outcome were included. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed and, after thorough screening by two independent reviewers, 13 articles remained eligible for inclusion in this study. Results: Indicators of maternal thyroid dysfunction, including low and high thyroid hormone level and autoimmune thyroiditis, during early pregnancy, were found to be associated with several offspring behavioural and psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, pervasive developmental problems, externalising behaviour, in addition to epilepsy and seizure. The majority of associations were found with low maternal thyroid hormone level. Conclusion: Maternal thyroid function during pregnancy, particularly hypothyroidism, is associated with behavioural and psychiatric disorders in children. Further studies are needed with a capacity to adjust for a fuller range of confounding factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review

Fetene

Betts

Alati

2017

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Moreover, during the first trimester of pregnancy, the mother is the only origin of thyroxine (7,(9)(10)(11), which generates tri-iodothyronine, the active hormone that is critical in the various steps of the complex processes of fetal brain development (12)(13)(14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine intake in Portuguese pregnant women: results of a countrywide study

Limbert¹,

Prazeres²,

Pedro³

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Background: Iodine is the key element for thyroid hormone synthesis, and its deficiency, even moderate, is harmful in pregnancy, when needs are increased, because of its potential deleterious effects on fetal brain development. In Portugal, no recent data on iodine intake exists. The objective of this countrywide study was to analyze iodine status in pregnant Portuguese women in order to propose adequate measures to the health authorities. Subjects and methods: Using a fast colorimetric method, urine iodine concentration (UIC) was evaluated in 3631 pregnant women followed in 17 maternity hospitals from hinterland and coastal areas in Continental Portugal and the Portuguese islands of Açores and Madeira. Results: Median UIC value was 84.9 mg/l (range 67.6-124.1) in Continental Portugal, 69.5 mg/l in Madeira, and 50.0 mg/l in Açores. The percentage of satisfactory values (O150 mg/l) was 16.8, ranging from 8.8 to 34.1 in the Continent, and being 8.2 in Madeira and 2.3 in Açores. The percentage of values below 50 mg/l was 23.7, ranging from 14.0 to 37.4 in the Continent, 33.7 in Madeira, and 50.0 in Açores. Conclusions: Our results point to an inadequate iodine intake in pregnant women assisted in most Portuguese maternity hospitals. Considering the potential deleterious effects of inadequate iodine supply in pregnancy, iodine supplementation is strongly recommended in this period of life.

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“…Transport and concentration of iodide into the milk by the lactating mammary gland has been known for decades (BrownGrant 1961, Grosvenor 1963. The milk iodide is used by the newborn for synthesis of thyroid hormone, a hormone which plays an essential role in development of the nervous system and bones (Williams et al 1998, Chan & Kilby 2000. Expression of NIS mRNA has been detected by RT-PCR in the mammary gland of lactating Wistar rats (Ajjan et al 1998b) and in the human breast (Smanik et al 1997, Spitzweg et al 1998.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the mouse sodium iodide symporter and its expression in the mammary gland and other tissues

Perron

Rodriguez²,

Leblanc³

et al. 2001

Journal of Endocrinology

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Iodide concentration in milk by mammals is a necessary step for thyroid hormone synthesis by the newborn. With the purpose of using the mouse as an animal model to analyse the role of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) in iodide transport and its regulation in the mammary gland, mouse NIS (mNIS) cDNA was isolated from lactating mice. The cloned sequence shows an open reading frame of 1854 nucleotides encoding a protein of 618 amino acids highly homologous to the rat and human NIS (95% and 81% identity respectively). Expression of mNIS in cultured mammalian cells induced cellular iodide accumulation. This iodide uptake process is sodium dependent and inhibited by thiocyanate and perchlorate. Tissue distribution analysis revealed that mNIS mRNAs are predominantly expressed in thyroid, stomach and in the lactating mammary gland and are present to a lower extent in several other tissues. Our data show for the first time that the level of mNIS mRNA is upregulated in the mammary gland during lactation.

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Thyroid hormone and central nervous system development

Cited by 180 publications

References 66 publications

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Maternal thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy and behavioural and psychiatric disorders of children: a systematic review

Iodine intake in Portuguese pregnant women: results of a countrywide study

Cloning of the mouse sodium iodide symporter and its expression in the mammary gland and other tissues

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