Safety and efficacy of ketamine xylazine along with atropine anesthesia in BALB/c mice

Abstract

Anesthetics are an indispensable prerequisite for surgical intervention and pharmacological animal studies. The objective of present study was to optimize the dose of ketamine (K) and xylazine (X) along with atropine sulfate (A) in order to achieve surgical tolerance in BALB/c mice. Several doses of ketamine (100, 150, 200 mg/kg) and xylazine (10, 15, 20 mg/kg) were mixed and combination of nine doses (K/X: 100/10, 100/15, 100/20, 150/10, 150/15, 150/20, 200/10,200/15,200/20) were evaluated (n=9 per combination). A constant dose of atropine (0.05 mg/kg) was also used to counter side effect. Timerelated parameters were evaluated on the basis of reflexes. KX at dose 200/20 mg/kg produced surgical tolerance in all nine mice with duration 55.00±6.87 minutes. The induction time 0.97±0.09 minutes, sleeping time 90.67±5.81 minutes and immobilization time (102.23±6.83 minutes) were significantly higher than all combination. However, this combination was considered unsafe due to 11 % mortality. While, KX at dose 200/15 mg/kg results in none of the mortality, so was considered as safe. Moreover, this combination produces surgical tolerance in 89 % mice with duration (30.00±7.45 minutes). It was concluded that KX at dose 200/15 mg/kg along with atropine 0.05 mg/kg is safe for performing surgical interventions in BALB/c mice.

Ovariohysterectomy pada kucing liar

“…Dosis ini mengurangi kekakuan otot yang ditimbulkan oleh Ketamin. Atropin adalah antikolinergi yang digunakan untuk mengurangi salivasi berlebih pada penggunaan Ketamin (Jamal et al, 2019;Apritya et al, 2020).…”

The role of PLGA/TPGS nanoparticle on xylazine-ketamine anesthetic activity in male albino rabbits

“…The publicity of ketamine-xylazine is mostly due to supplemental action, analgesic effect, relaxation of muscle and improve sedation. Safety anesthesia can be utilized without needed expert tools (14). As a result, the current project is aimed to find the best polymers for loading XK with lowering the dose level that should be more safety, healthy and yielded surgical tolerance for performing surgical interventions in rabbits.…”

>b<Protocolo anestésico aplicado ao teste de potência NIH de vacinas antirrábicas de uso veterinário>/b<

“…A vocalização e a sialorreia foram observadas em apenas uma ocasião no grupo G1. A sialorreia é um achado recorrente quando se administra a cetamina, sendo que estudos descrevem o benefício do uso pré-anestésico da atropina como forma de reduzir esse efeito, sendo que doses de 0,05 mg/kg de atropina previamente à anestesia com 200 mg/kg de cetamina + 15 mg/kg de xilazina foi considerado um plano anestésico seguro, sem mortalidades e eficaz (JAMAL et al, 2019).…”

“…Variações de resposta foram relatadas em protocolos cetamina + xilazina, que podem estar relacionados a variabilidade individual, sexo, idade, estado nutricional e metabolismo hepático, além de administração por vias erradas, tais como subcutânea em vez de intraperitoneal (JAMAL et al, 2019).…”