D-ɑ-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (Vitamin E TPGS or TPGS) has been approved by food and drug administration (FDA) as harmless adjuvant and is largely used in drug systems delivery. The aim of the study was to use the TPGS polymer as a drug release model to regulate the release of the anesthetic xylazine-ketamine in order to minimize therapeutically reference dose, avoid side effects, and improve efficacy. The study performed on 15 adult local breed male rabbits, divided into 3 groups with same number which injected intramuscularly with single dose of suggested anesthetics. Heart rate, respiratory rate, degree of muscle relaxation, onset of action and stages of anesthesia were evaluated, also induction of anesthesia, surgical anesthesia and recovery time were recorded. Nanoprecipitation technique was optimal method for preparing small particle size as well as reduce dose for therapeutic effect. Small and large dose was showed perfect analgesic and muscle relaxant activity of xylazine-ketamine drugs. Ketamine 30 mg and xylazine 10 mg loaded PLGA showed elevation of conciseness period as well as increase muscle relaxant. Ketamine 30 mg and xylazine 10 mg loaded PLGA reduce heart rate but onset of action delayed when compared with reference drug. The process of nanoprecipitation was ideal for forming small particle sizes and reducing the dosage for therapeutic effects. PLGA loaded with ketamine-xylazine demonstrated improved cycle concentration (walk time) as well as improved muscle relaxant, finally the protocol created an excellent anesthetic combination for induction of general anesthesia.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and the role of the harmonic scalpel in lung tissue healing at the site of a middle lobe resection of the right lung. Twenty-four adult domestic dogs were used. They were randomly divided into two equal groups (control and treated group). The middle lobe of the right lung was excised by harmonic scalpel with titanium clamps to control bleeding and infiltration of air bubbles. The clinical and physiological condition of the animals was studied in the two-week period after surgery and molecular evaluation at time of zero, first, third, fifth, seventh, fourteenth, twenty-first, twenty-eighth, and thirty-fifth days after operation by interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α. The result of clinical observation showed that dogs in both groups took 2-4 days after the operation to gain full activity. The heart and respiratory rate were within the normal level before and during the operation, and when the animal began to recover, the heartbeat and respiratory rate began to rise with irregularity and the irregularity continued for 3-5 hours after the completion of the operation and then returned to its normal level within 24 hours after the operation. These changes in heart rate and respiratory system were observed in all treated animals, while heart rhythm and respiratory rates persisted in the control group until several days after the operation. In the molecular evaluation, the results for interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α showed a significant difference in the mean values of these two factors between control and treated.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of omental flap on healing of unfixed fractured ribs in dogs. Sixteen adult local breed dogs were used, which they were divided into two equal groups (Control and Treated group). The experimental animals were pre-medicated with atropine sulfate 0.04 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, and after 10 minute anesthetized with a mixture of Ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg BW)and Xylazine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg BW) intramuscularly. In control group, the rib was fractured by wire saw and left unfixed then the muscles and skin was closed routinely. While in treated group, the rib was fractured by wire saw and a flap of omentum was put around the fractured rib, then muscles and skin were closed. Animals were observed clinically for one week and radiologically every week for three months. The radiological findings revealed that the healing process was faster in the treated group compared with the control group. The fracture line began to disappear in the eight and at the fourth weeks in the control and treated group respectively. The callus formation was large in size in control group compared with small dense callus in treated group. The remodeling process began in the fourth week in the treated group while at the eighth week in control group. These results indicated that the omental flap play an important role for enhancing healing and help to stabilize unfixed fractured ribs.

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