Estudos Recentes sobre Inclusão Laboral da Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual

Abstract

Resumo A partir dos pressupostos teóricos da perspectiva histórico-cultural, temos por objetivo debater o tema “Estudos Recentes Sobre Inclusão laboral da Pessoa com Deficiência Intelectual (DI) no Ambiente de Trabalho” a partir do levantamento de publicações científicas entre os anos de 2008-2018. Essas pesquisas apontam a inclusão laboral como fator favorável ao desenvolvimento global desses sujeitos. O levantamento foi feito nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol no Portal de periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior/Ministério da Educação (CAPES/MEC) nas buscas por assunto e nas Bases de Dados Web of Science e Scopus, tendo como critérios de seleção artigos nas áreas de deficiência intelectual, inclusão, psicologia e educação especial. Como indicadores, foram utilizadas as palavras: “adulto e deficiência intelectual”, “deficiência intelectual AND trabalho”, “mental disability AND work”, “intellectual disability AND work”, “deficiência intelectual e inserção laboral”, “deficiência intelectual e trabalho”, “deficiência intelectual e inclusão no trabalho”, e “deficiência intelectual e inserção no mercado de trabalho”. Identificamos ao todo 29 artigos diretamente relacionados ao tema. Os assuntos mais investigados foram: “Pessoa com DI nas organizações” (7), “Formação profissional” (13), “Legislação e políticas públicas” (5), “Sentido e significados do trabalho” (3) e “Trabalho, educação e família” (1). Os resultados revelaram a necessidade de estudos direcionados para o campo da psicologia e educação que possam oferecer mais subsídios para a inclusão laboral desses sujeitos de forma a colaborar com políticas públicas efetivas. Indicamos a pertinência do desenvolvimento de pesquisas que abordem a construção de significados pela pessoa com deficiência intelectual sobre o mercado de trabalho.

Sociodemographic characteristics and probabilities for the labor inclusion of people with disabilities in Chile. Implications for critical social policies

“…In literature, there are several advances in knowledge regarding disability and employment. Some authors emphasize how employment has the potential to develop individuals' activities, skills, and talents; increase their social capital (Silva et al, 2019); as well as improving life conditions (Ordóñez, 2011). Contrary, unemployment among people with disabilities has severe consequences on wellbeing, quality of life (Birau et al, 2019), and health (Gallegos, 2019).…”

“…Some of the most referred in literature are gender (Barea & Monzón, 2008;Birau et al, 2019;Coleman et al, 2013;Garrido-Cumbrera & Chacón-García, 2018;Pereda et al, 2003), age (Birau et al, 2019;Coleman et al, 2013;Garrido-Cumbrera & Chacón-García, 2018;Pereda et al, 2003), type of disability (Barea & Monzón, 2008;Pereda et al, 2003), education (Barea & Monzón, 2008;Birau et al, 2019;Gallegos, 2019;Ordóñez, 2011;Pereda et al, 2003;Quiñones & Rodríguez, 2015;Silva et al, 2019), qualification (Coleman et al, 2013;Gallegos, 2019), poverty (Green & Vice, 2017), economic status (Birau et al, 2019;Quiñones & Rodríguez, 2015), participation in association or social groups (Barea & Monzón, 2008), and place of living (i.e., rurality) (Rodríguez, 2009). In terms of barriers and obstacles for accessing a job in the disability field, previous literature has highlighted the role of stigma, discrimination (Garrido-Cumbrera & Chacón-García, 2018;Lindsay et al, 2018;Silva et al, 2019), and disinformation (Silva et al, 2019). Other contextual barriers in the literature are non-accessible workplaces, inappropriate public transit, and challenging training (Lindsay et al, 2018;Ordóñez, 2011), difficult of diagnosis, lack of figure of support at work (Ordóñez, 2011;Silva et al, 2019), and lack of knowledge in the organizations (Silva et al, 2019).…”

“…In terms of barriers and obstacles for accessing a job in the disability field, previous literature has highlighted the role of stigma, discrimination (Garrido-Cumbrera & Chacón-García, 2018;Lindsay et al, 2018;Silva et al, 2019), and disinformation (Silva et al, 2019). Other contextual barriers in the literature are non-accessible workplaces, inappropriate public transit, and challenging training (Lindsay et al, 2018;Ordóñez, 2011), difficult of diagnosis, lack of figure of support at work (Ordóñez, 2011;Silva et al, 2019), and lack of knowledge in the organizations (Silva et al, 2019). The sum of these negative aspects generates occupational segregation and marginalization mechanisms that diminish the valorization of this group of people (Quiñones & Rodríguez, 2015).…”

“…The sum of these negative aspects generates occupational segregation and marginalization mechanisms that diminish the valorization of this group of people (Quiñones & Rodríguez, 2015). In the work inclusion of people with disabilities, the role of public policies, legislation, and normative implementation has also been observed as relevant (Birau et al, 2019;Pereda et al, 2003;Silva et al, 2019). For instance, social insertion via pensions versus via employment influences the level of unemployment (Pereda et al, 2003).…”

“…All of these discrimination strains have pervasive and (sometimes) invisible effects on the labor market and act in an overlapping manner (i.e., they stack in different times and contexts). Some of the most referred variables used in research for discrimination in the labor market has been, among others, education (Barea & Monzón, 2008;Birau et al, 2019;Quiñones & Rodríguez, 2015;Silva et al, 2019), sex (and gender) (Barea & Monzón, 2008;Birau et al, 2019;Brown & Moloney, 2019;Coleman et al, 2013), and rurality (Mitra & Sambamoorthi, 2008;Rodríguez, 2009). In addition, type and severity of disability (Barea & Monzón, 2008;Brown & Moloney, 2019), sexual orientation, trade union membership (International Labour Office, 2003), and age (Birau et al, 2019;Coleman et al, 2013) has been mentioned.…”