Pobres, doentes e esmolados da Venerável Ordem Terceira de São Francisco de Coimbra, Portugal (1861-1926)

Abstract

Resumo: As ordens franciscanas seculares garantiam assistência espiritual e material em exclusividade a seus membros, nomeadamente com a atribuição de esmolas aos irmãos caídos em pobreza e o auxílio aos enfermos e idosos. Este trabalho procura caracterizar os irmãos que requereram esmola à Ordem Terceira de Coimbra e, entre eles, aqueles que simultaneamente recorreram ao hospital da instituição, analisando comparativamente os períodos monárquico (1861-1910) e republicano (1911-1926) portugueses. As 697 petições de esmolas feitas à Ordem Terceira de Coimbra constituem fonte privilegiada para o estudo da pobreza entre seus irmãos, pois espelham, na primeira pessoa, os problemas, as vicissitudes e as causas do empobrecimento dos irmãos franciscanos seculares, não raras vezes associados a motivos de doença ou velhice, na maioria impeditivos da garantia de subsistência por meio do trabalho. Palavras-chave: esmolas; pobreza; hospital. Coimbra, Portugal (1861-1926 Abstract: The secular Franciscan orders guaranteed spiritual and material assistance exclusively to its members, in particular by giving alms to brothers who were poor and helping the sick and the elderly. This work aims to characterize the brothers who requested an alm to the Third Order of Coimbra and, among these, those who simultaneously resorted to the hospital of the institution, analysing comparatively the Portuguese monarchical (1861-1910) and republican (1911-1926) periods. The 697 requests for alms made to the Third Order of Coimbra are a privileged source for the study of poverty among its brothers, since they reflect in the first person the problems, vicissitudes and causes of the impoverishment of the secular Franciscan brothers, not infrequently associated with reasons of illness or old age, in the majority impediments of the guarantor of subsistence through work. The poor, the sick and the supplicant of alms of the Venerable Third Order of Saint Francis of

A enfermaria de S. Jacinto e o auxílio aos doentes com tuberculose pela Venerável Ordem Terceira da Penitência de S. Francisco de Coimbra (1908-1944)

“…In the second half of the 19 th century, at the time of the foundation of the hospital (1851) and asylum (1884) of the Third Order of Coimbra (TOC) 2 in Coimbra, the Santa Casa da Misericórdia provided 2 TOC was founded on January 5, 1659 as a canonically erected moral person and at present time is a non-profit entity, a social solidarity private institution with several social assistance services, namely a Residential Structure for the Elderly (Nursing Home) and a Shelter Centre for Homeless People (Casa Abrigo Padre Américo) (Silva and Marques, 2018b). After the extinction of male religious orders in 1834, the TOC's Council obtained through royal decree the Carmo Church, located on Sofia Street, in 1837 ( Figure 1), and the remaining building of the extinct College of Carmelitas Calçados in 1841 to build its hospital, being still today the head office of the institution (Silva, 2015;Silva 2016b;Silva and Marques, 2018a (Lopes, 2011;Silva, 2015).…”

“…The TOC Hospital and Asylum, founded respectively in 1851 and 1884, are the greatest proof of the assistance provided to members, ensuring help in disease and old age to the Franciscan secular Brothers and Sisters (Silva 2015;Silva 2016b;Silva and Marques, 2018a).…”

“…distribution of alms provided to the poor brothers, thus, relegating to the background the former religious feature of the Order. Thus, TOC intended to adapt to the new Law, maintaining its survival (Silva, 2015;Silva and Marques, 2018a).…”

“…Hospital assistance has changed in time from charitable institutions attending those that could not be treated at home to medical assistance companies in the 21 st century. Hospitals played a key role in the modern welfare system (Carasa Soto, 1991: 29), bringing together physical and spiritual assistance (Sá, 1996;Silva, 2016a) along with the distribution of alms (Silva, 2015;Silva and Marques, 2018a).…”

Evolution in the Impact of Pro-Poor Policies on Farmers’ Confidence: Based on Age-Period-Cohort Analysis Perspective

“…Spiritual poverty, represented by a lack of confidence and confidence failure, is often the essential characteristic of materially poor groups in general [10,11]. Compared with material poverty, spiritual poverty has the distinctive characteristics of being difficult to quantify, long-term, and hidden [12,13]. In terms of the interrelationship between the two, spiritual poverty and material poverty often go hand in hand, and spiritual poverty is both a result of material poverty and an important cause of the persistence of material poverty [14].…”