Design and evaluation of lornoxicam bilayered tablets for biphasic release

Abstract

The objective of the present investigation was to develop bilayered tablets of lornoxicam to achieve biphasic release pattern. A bilayered tablet, consisting of an immediate and controlled release layer, was prepared by direct compression technique. The controlled release effect was achieved by using various hydrophilic natural, semi synthetic and synthetic controlled release polymers such as xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) to modulate the release of the drug. The in vitro drug release profiles showed the biphasic release behavior in which the immediate release (IR) layer containing the lornoxicam was released within 15 minutes, whereas the controlled release (CR) layer controlled the drug release for up to 24 h. All the bilayered tablets formulated have followed the zero order release with non-Fickian diffusion controlled release mechanism after the initial burst release. FTIR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers used in the study. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed no significant difference in the cumulative amount of drug release after 15 min, but significant difference (p < 0.05) in the amount of drug released after 24 h from optimized formulations was observed. Based on the release kinetic parameters obtained, it can be concluded that xanthan gum polymer was suitable for providing a biphasic release of lornoxicam.Uniterms: Lornoxicam/bilayered tablet/development. Bilayered tablet/biphasic release. Hydrophilic polymers/use/drug release. Drugs/controlled release.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi desenvolver comprimidos bicamada de lornoxicam para atingir padrão de liberação bifásica. Preparou-se, por compressão direta, comprimido bicamada, consistindo de uma camada de liberação imediata e uma de liberação controlada. A liberação controlada foi obtida pelo uso de vários polímeros naturais hidrofílicos, semi-sintéticos e sintéticos, tais como goma xantana, hidroxipropilmetil celulose (HPMC) e óxido de polietileno (PEO) para modular a liberação do fármaco. Os perfis de liberação in vitro mostraram comportamento bifásico em que a camada de liberação imediata (IR) contendo lornoxicam foi liberada em 15 minutos, enquanto a camada de liberação controlada (CR) liberou o fármaco em mais de 24 horas, Todos os comprimidos bicamada formulados seguiram a liberação de ordem zero com mecanismo de liberação controlada por difusão não fickiana após a liberação inicial por erupção. Os estudos de FTIR revelaram que não há interação entre o fármaco e os polímeros utilizados no estudo. A análise estatística (ANOVA) não mostrou diferença significativa na quantidade acumulada de fármaco após 15 minutos de liberação, mas observou-se diferença significativa (p<0,05) na quantidade de fármaco liberado após 24 h nas formulações otimizadas. Com base nos parâmetros de cinética de liberação obtidos, pode-se concluir que a goma xantana foi adequada para se atingir liberação bifásica de lornoxicam.Uniterms: Lornoxicam/comprimido bicamada/desenvolvimento...

Functional and Tableting Properties of Alkali-Isolated and Phosphorylated Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa esculenta) Starch

“…The infrared spectrogram of PZS was obtained from 650 to 4000 cm –1 as shown in Figure . Absorption bands at 1646 cm –1 in AZS notify the occurrence of the C–C stretching in alkali-isolated starch. ,, The low content of water molecules has been indicated by the peaks at 703 cm –1 . At 3290 cm –1 , an extraordinarily broad band formed, revealing the presence of an −OH stretching vibration.…”

“…The angle of repose and bulk characteristics like the Carr index and the Hausner ratio are frequently used to detect powder flow . The angle of repose of phosphorylated zhingora starch (PZS) and alkali-extracted zhingora starch (AZS) powders was determined to assess the flow properties. , A funnel was positioned at a height ( h ) that was preset above a graph paper that was laid out horizontally on a platform that was leveled. A conical mound of powdered PZS stood at the top of the funnel’s tip.…”

“…Additionally, alkaline treatment has found applications in starch-based adhesive manufacturing and is known for yielding high-purity starch granules with well-defined physical features . However, most studies in the pharmaceutical field have been focused on starch derived from commonly used sources such as corn, rice, potatoes, wheat, and cassava. ,, Polysaccharides such as starch, however, have unfavorable properties such as poor shear strength, ease of heat disintegration, and a high tendency for delignification (crystallization and gel aging), digestibility, glycemic index, film-forming properties, and paste clarity thus limiting their use. − The physical, chemical, and enzymatic modification methods have been used to improve starch functionality. − By applying grafting processes such as oxidation, etherification, esterification, or cross-linking, polysaccharides can have altered structures and characteristics. , The structure, properties, and characteristics of starch can also be altered through grafting reactions, oxidation, etherification, esterification, and cross-linking. , Cross-linking can be produced by di-esters between the starch chains and molecules. The cross-linking is supposed to insert inter- and intramolecular bonds at different sites in starch molecules for triggering the strength of starch.…”

Floating Drug Delivery System of Nsaids to Increase Gastric Retention Time in Upper Part of Gastrointestinal Tract

“…Floating lag time was calculated to be the time needed for the tablet to rise to the surface and float. It also calculated the overall floating time 19.…”