Efeitos de um programa de hidroterapia na pressão arterial e freqüência cardíaca de mulheres idosas sedentárias

Abstract

Este estudo visou analisar as conseqüências cardiocirculatórias (na pressão arterial, PA, e freqüência cardíaca, FC) de um programa de hidroterapia cujo objetivo clínico era ganho de força muscular e flexibilidade para mulheres idosas saudáveis e sedentárias. Participaram 16 idosas, de 65 a 70 anos. O programa constou de 32 sessões, com uma hora de duração cada, de exercícios em imersão para ganho de força muscular e flexibilidade, com grau de dificuldade crescente, em sete fases. As quatro primeiras sessões foram usadas para adaptação ao meio aquático e desconsideradas para coleta de dados. As medidas de PA e FC foram coletadas ao final de cada fase, em quatro momentos: repouso fora da água, em repouso 3 minutos após imersão, em imersão ao final dos exercícios, e três minutos após a saída da piscina. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente com nível de significância a p<0,05. Da sessão de base (5a) para a última (32ª), foram observadas quedas significantes de 5,6 mmHg na média da PA sistólica de repouso e de 9,7 mmHg na média da PA diastólica de repouso, tendo a classificação do nível da PA das participantes passado de normal-limítrofe para normal; e um aumento, não estatisticamente significativo, de 1,0 bpm na média da FC de repouso. Os achados sugerem que, embora não tenham afetado a FC, exercícios de força e flexibilidade em imersão, com grau de dificuldade crescente, não sobrecarregam - e podem afetar positivamente - o sistema cardiocirculatório de idosas com 65 a 70 anos.

Aquatic physical therapy as a treatment modality in healthcare for non-institutionalized elderly persons: a systematic review

“…Regarding exclusion criteria, 41% of the articles excluded those individuals who had pathologies that limited exercise (4,10,11,13,17,23,25) , those dependent on help for daily activities, and those who engaged in other exercises besides what was proposed in the given study.…”

“…Blood pressure (BP) was mentioned as an outcome measurement by Candeloro and Caromano et al (10) along with heart rate. On the other hand, for Gimenes et al (4) , only BP was used as a result.…”

“…On the other hand, 29% were merely intervention studies, with no randomization or control groups (4,10,18,19,21) , while 23% of the studies were controlled trials with randomization, but with no control group (15,16,20,23) .…”

Análise dos efeitos dos exercícios aquáticos na qualidade de vida de indivíduos com doença venosa crônica

“…This reduces the venous hypertension caused by valve incompetence, obstruction of vessels and calf muscle pump dysfunction, or by all of these factors together. 2,3 Exercises in an aquatic environment can be performed with the body totally or partially immersed in the water, and the activities performed include hydrokinesiotherapy and aerobic exercises and specific activities such as those prescribed by the Bad Ragaz, Watsu and Halliwick methods, and a range of equipment can be used to facilitate the treatment. 1 This therapeutic modality has become more widespread because of a number of different effects that it is capable of provoking, such as relief from pain and muscle spasms, muscle relaxation, increased blood circulation, maintenance and/or increase of amplitude of movements, muscle reeducation, improved muscle strength and walking function, improvements in patients' psychological conditions and increased maximum functional independence.…”

“…8 While there are few scientific studies providing evidence of vascular reeducation as a result of aquatic exercises, it is known that the physical properties of water are contributing factors for reducing pain, mitigating intraarticular impact thanks to the property of buoyancy, improving joint mobility, reducing edema and improving venous return through the action of hydrostatic pressure that compresses vessels and brings the valve leaflets together. [1][2][3]7 Therefore, the QoL of people affected by CVD is altered as a function of signs and symptoms that have negative impacts on their daily lives. The lack of studies correlating aquatic exercises for treatment of CVD with patient QoL and the importance of physiotherapy for prevention of CVD exacerbation mean that studies investigating the subject in depth are needed in order to analyze the effects of aquatic exercises on the QoL of people with CVD, thereby contributing to improved treatment of this disease by adding another resource to the list of those available.…”