Estudo da mucosa nasal de contatos de hanseníase, com positividade para o antígeno glicolipídio fenólico 1

Abstract

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. The disease more frequently affects the nasal mucosa and can occur independently of its clinical form or even before lesions on the skin or on other parts of the body. It is necessary to employ epidemiological surveillance of household contacts with new leprosy cases for early disease diagnosis. Aim: identify specific and early leprosy lesions through endoscopic, baciloscopy, histopathology exams, and real time polymerase chain reaction of the nasal cavity mucosa on household and peridomiciliary contacts with positive serology for the phenolic glycolipid 1 antigen. Methodology: Between 2003 at 2006 there was a prospective cross-sectional clinical study with 31 contacts with patients with leprosy with positive serology against PGL-1, 05 negative controls and 01 positive control. Results: Between seropositive contacts, real-time PCR was positive for M. leprae DNA in 06 (19.35%) of them and the higher number of genome copies were found in contacts who became sick. Conclusion: Nasal mucosa tests alone did not enable the early diagnosis of Leprosy. However, through the combination of various methods, tests on the contacts can help identify subclinical infection and monitor the contacts that could be responsible for spreading the disease.

Leprosy incidence, characterization of cases and correlation with household and cases variables of the Brazilian states in 2010

“…This need is already reported in the literature and ratified by the federal government, through the Ministry of Health, which issued the Ordinance 3125, of October 7th, 2010, addressing guidelines for surveillance, care and control of leprosy and, in addition, provided more financial resources by Decree 3097 of December 16, 2013, highlighting the importance of leprosy in the population and for the health system. 23 - 29…”

Evaluation of 16S rRNA qPCR for detection ofMycobacterium lepraeDNA in nasal secretion and skin biopsy samples from multibacillary and paucibacillary leprosy cases

“…In the present study, we identified and quantified M. leprae in nasal secretion samples and biopsies of leprosy cases. Although several studies have reported the detection of M. leprae by real-time PCR in samples from skin biopsies [11,[26][27][28], this is the third study published in the literature that quantified M. leprae in nasal secretion samples [13,18]. The first study investigated 31 nasal secretion samples of leprosy patients without quantifying the number of bacilli [18].…”

“…Although several studies have reported the detection of M. leprae by real-time PCR in samples from skin biopsies [11,[26][27][28], this is the third study published in the literature that quantified M. leprae in nasal secretion samples [13,18]. The first study investigated 31 nasal secretion samples of leprosy patients without quantifying the number of bacilli [18]. The second study employed qPCR for DNA detection of M. leprae using nasal swabs, nasal turbinate biopsy, and peripheral blood of 113 leprosy cases and 104 household contacts [13].…”

“…In addition, several studies based on nucleic acid amplification have demonstrated that nasal cavities are mainly responsible for the transmission of bacilli [13][14][15][16][17]. Thus, nasal secretion (NS) [7,13,18,19] and skin biopsy (SB) [11,20,21] samples have been widely investigated by both conventional and qPCR, the latter proving much more sensitive. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of qPCR for the detection of M. leprae in NS and SB samples from MB and PB cases.…”

Estudo Descritivo Dos Casos De Tuberculose Notificados Do Município Do Paulista, 2007- 2017

“…Acredita-se que a transmissão da hanseníase ocorra por contato estreito e prolongado entre um indivíduo susceptível e um paciente bacilo-infectado não tratado através da inalação dos bacilos contidos na secreção nasal ou gotículas de Flügge. A principal via de transmissão é a mucosa nasal (Shepard 1962;Job 1990;Job et al 2008;Martins et al 2010). Meios de transmissão como sangue, transmissão vertical, leite materno e picadas de insetos, também são possíveis (Pedley 1967;Melsom et al 1981;Bona et al 1985;Santos et al 2001).…”